The science behind the irrational fear of dogs; know more about cynophobia and how to overcome it

Understanding cynophobia is essential for those living with it and for their loved ones. While dogs are often seen as loyal companions, this phobia can make even the friendliest canine seem like a threat. But what causes this fear, and how can one address it?

Common causes or triggers of cynophobia

Dr Arun Kumar, senior consultant psychiatrist at Cadabams Hospitals, tells indianexpress.com, “Cynophobia, or the irrational fear of dogs, is a specific phobia that can stem from various factors, though it doesn’t always require a traumatic event for its onset. Many cases of cynophobia originate in childhood. A frightening encounter, such as being barked at, chased, or bitten by a dog, can lead to a deep-rooted fear.”

He adds that children often model the fears of adults around them. If a parent or caregiver exhibits fear of dogs, the child may internalise this reaction. In some cultures, dogs are viewed as unclean or dangerous, which can subconsciously instill fear. Even without trauma, cynophobia can emerge in adulthood due to a general increase in anxiety or phobia-prone tendencies, overexposure to negative stories or media reports about aggressive dogs and changes in life circumstances, such as moving to a dog-heavy environment.

Cynophobia involves an extreme reaction, often disproportionate to the actual threat posed by the dog. (Source: Freepik)

How does cynophobia differ from general uneasiness around dogs?

While many people might feel cautious around unfamiliar or aggressive dogs, cynophobia is an intense and often debilitating fear that goes beyond discomfort. “Cynophobia involves an extreme reaction, often disproportionate to the actual threat posed by the dog. For example, seeing a leashed dog from a distance may trigger panic,” states Dr Kumar. 

Psychological Symptoms:

• Extreme anxiety or dread at the sight, sound, or even thought of dogs.
• Persistent thoughts about encountering a dog.
• Avoidance behaviors, such as avoiding parks or streets frequented by dogs.

Physical Symptoms:

• Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) and sweating.
• Shortness of breath or hyperventilation.
• Trembling or dizziness.
• A feeling of paralysis or the need to escape immediately.

Therapies or treatments that are most effective for overcoming cynophobia

Cynophobia, like other specific phobias, responds well to psychological therapies. The timeline for treatment varies based on the individual and the severity of the phobia. According to Dr Kumar, some treatments include: 

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals reframe irrational fears about dogs and replace them with rational thought patterns.

Exposure Therapy: A gradual process of exposing the individual to dogs in controlled settings. For example, starting with looking at pictures of dogs, progressing to observing them from a distance, and eventually interacting with calm, well-trained dogs.

Virtual Reality Therapy: Immersive simulations of encounters with dogs can help desensitise individuals without requiring real-life interaction initially.

Medication: In severe cases, short-term use of anti-anxiety medications may complement therapy.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.