A sword returns, a legacy revived: Why Raghuji Bhonsle’s weapon matters?

Sena Saheb Subah was a title of high military rank that was associated with the Maratha Empire, and would be usually conferred by the Chhatrapatis of Satara. The person receiving the title would also get a sword and robe.

This particular sword is likely a gift from Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj to Raghuji Raje Bhonsle who was conferred with the title of Sena Saheb Subah.

Who were Nagpur Bhonsles?

Like the Peshwe, Holkar, Gaikwad, and Scindia families, the Nagpur Bhonsle family also played a significant role in expanding the Maratha Empire. The family was one of the royal or Kshatriya clans of the Marathas, and considered itself as the descendant of Udaipur’s Sisodia Rajputs.

The Bhonsles of Nagpur were known as Hinganikar as one of their ancestors — who was probably a contemporary of Maloji, the grandfather of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj — rehabilitated the village Beradi near Hingani in the present district of Pune.

Notably, after the death of Shivaji Maharaj, his obsequies were performed by Sabaji Bhosle, as Sambhaji, the eldest son, was in confinement on the fort of Panhala, according to Malhar Ram Rao Chitnis’s biography of Shivaji Maharaj, called Chitnis Bakhar.

Who was Raghuji Raje Bhonsle I?

Raghuji Bhonsle I was an important figure in 18th-century Maratha history, whose power was shaped by both family conflict and strategic alliances. Backed by Chhatrapati Shahu in 1728, Raghuji Bhonsle set out not just to confront his uncle Kanhoji but to carve out a legacy of power, earning new titles, lands, and the right to collect taxes across Berar and Gondawana. His decisive victory in 1730 after the siege of Bham marked a turning point, securing his leadership and laying the foundation for the Bhonsle dynasty’s rise in Nagpur.

In the second half of the eighteenth century, as Mughal authority crumbled and Maratha power expanded, Raghuji Bhonsle I emerged as the key figure in bringing Odisha under Maratha rule following the 1751 treaty with Nawab Alivardi Khan, marking the start of Maratha administration over the region and the Jagannath temple in Puri. Raghuji Bhonsle I, after taking control of Odisha in 1751, played a pivotal role in reviving the Shree Jagannath Temple’s activities, which had languished under Mughal rule. He appointed priests, restarted daily offerings, ensured temple upkeep, and made generous endowments—including the Mohun Bhog established by his mother—and assigned land revenue worth Rs 27,000 (Satais Hazari Mahal) for its support. To aid pilgrims, Raghuji Bhonsle built over 22 Dharamshala, spent Rs 20,000 annually to conduct the yatra in full grandeur, introduced the Annachhatra charity scheme, and developed roads connecting Puri to the rest of the country—restoring the temple’s sanctity and making it a vibrant hub for Hindu worship again.

Raghuji Bhonsle I expanded the Maratha empire to Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. He led pivotal military campaigns in Bengal from 1745 and 1755. The approximate area under the rule of Nagpurkar Bhonsles was 2.17 lakh sq km. It was initially Raghuji Bhonsle I who raided Odisha and Bengal and reclaimed the temples.

How did the sword leave India?

Following the 1817 battle of Sitabuldi, where the East India Company defeated the Nagpur Bhonsles, the British looted the Bhonsle treasury, seizing priceless treasures, ornaments, and weapons. Experts believe that this sword may have been a part of that war loot or a gift presented to the British in the aftermath of the battle. During the Battle of Sitabuldi in 1817, the British East India Company, under the leadership of General Sir Alexander Campbell, set fire to the Bhonsle Palace in Nagpur – said to be bigger than Shaniwar Wada of the Peshwas of Pune – and it remained ablaze for six months. It was the same time when the Holkars were defeated in the battle of Mahidpur.