Study finds that infants are developing excessive hair growth from accidental minoxidil exposure; expert highlights risks

A report by Euronews stated, “The initial case first came to light when the CFN investigated the situation of a baby who had progressively developed excessive hair growth on the back, legs, and thighs over the course of two months. According to the report, the baby’s father, who had been on leave from work for a month to care for his son, had been using a 5 per cent minoxidil solution topically to treat his baldness.”

So, what makes infants more vulnerable to the potential side effects of such medications, and how can parents ensure their children are not inadvertently exposed?

How does minoxidil work?

Dr Narayan Swamy, senior consultant paediatrics at Athreya Super Speciality Hospital, tells indianexpress.com, “Minoxidil, commonly used to treat hair loss, works as a vasodilator, meaning it widens blood vessels, improving blood flow to hair follicles. This increased circulation delivers more oxygen and nutrients, stimulating dormant follicles and prolonging the hair growth phase (anagen phase). It also activates potassium channels in cells, enhancing follicle health and encouraging hair regrowth.”

Why babies are more susceptible

Dr Swamy mentions that babies’ skin is thinner and less developed than adults’, allowing greater absorption of topical medications like minoxidil. This heightened permeability increases the likelihood of systemic absorption.

“Babies have a smaller body mass, so even small amounts of absorbed minoxidil can lead to disproportionately high concentrations in their bloodstream. Infants have underdeveloped liver and kidney functions, which may impair their ability to metabolise and excrete drugs efficiently, prolonging exposure and enhancing side effects,” he states.

These factors make infants particularly vulnerable to minoxidil’s effects, including the rare but striking development of hypertrichosis, or excessive hair growth.

To prevent accidental exposure of minoxidil to infants, caregivers should store it securely out of reach, wash hands thoroughly after application, and avoid applying it before holding or feeding a child. (Source: Freepik)

Other health risks that could arise from minoxidil exposure in infants

Minoxidil exposure in infants, while most visibly linked to hypertrichosis, poses serious health risks due to its systemic absorption and vasodilatory effects, says Dr Swamy. “These include cardiovascular issues such as hypotension, which can cause lethargy or fainting, and compensatory tachycardia that strains the heart. Fluid retention may lead to facial and extremity swelling, while direct skin exposure can result in redness and irritation.”

Systemic toxicity, even from small amounts, can cause nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, and in severe cases, respiratory distress. Rare neurological symptoms like dizziness, irritability, or seizures may also occur. “Research in Pediatric Dermatology highlights the critical need to identify and address such exposures promptly to prevent adverse outcomes,” notes Dr Swamy. 

How to avoid accidental exposure to young children?

Accordng to Dr Swamy, to prevent accidental exposure of minoxidil to infants, caregivers should store it securely out of reach, wash hands thoroughly after application, and avoid applying it before holding or feeding a child. Keep treated areas from contacting clothing or bedding accessible to children and ensure all caregivers are aware of the risks. In case of skin contact, wash the area with soap and water immediately; for ingestion or severe symptoms, seek urgent medical attention, as emphasised by Clinical Toxicology guidelines.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.