‘Don’t ignore a lump or a mouth ulcer that won’t heal’: Oncologist explains early symptoms of India’s most common cancers

Dr Sharma also spoke about one of the most recognisable signs associated with cancer. “The third sign of cancer is any kind of abnormal bleeding. In old movies, they used to show blood in the cough or on the handkerchief — that is actually a sign of cancer.” He added, “The fourth sign of cancer is related to lung or throat cancer,” and pointed out that “the second most common cancer in women is cervical cancer, which can become evident through abnormal bleeding.”

He acknowledged that hearing about these symptoms can cause anxiety. “So far, everyone is scared, because everyone has experienced mouth bleeding at some point, or has had irregular periods. Most of the time, it will not be cancer. But if it is cancer, we can identify it from any of these clues.”

On the warning sign of mouth cancer

Dr Jagadish Hiremath, public health intellectual, tells indianexpress.com, “Persistent mouth ulcers are often overlooked because they resemble common canker sores or injuries caused by biting the inner cheek. However, a cancerous ulcer tends to persist beyond two weeks, shows no signs of healing, and may gradually increase in size. Unlike a simple sore, it can be painless in the early stages, firm to the touch, and sometimes accompanied by white or red patches around it.” 

If the sore bleeds easily, feels indurated, or is associated with difficulty in swallowing, a change in voice, or unexplained weight loss, it should be evaluated promptly by an oral surgeon or oncologist.

 

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Types of bleeding patterns or bodily changes people should be particularly alert to

According to Dr Hiremath, abnormal bleeding is one of the body’s earliest alarm systems. In women, postmenopausal bleeding or bleeding between periods can be a sign of cervical or endometrial cancer and should not be ignored. “Coughing up blood, even in small streaks, may indicate lung or throat cancer and requires immediate medical attention. Blood in the urine or stool, especially when it recurs, may be linked to urinary tract, bladder, or colon cancers. Any bleeding that is unusual for one’s age, unrelated to known causes, or persistent over time warrants evaluation,” notes Dr Hiremath. 

Striking a balance between avoiding unnecessary panic and ensuring timely screening or consultation for possible warning signs

Dr Hiremath explains that the key is awareness without alarm. Most early cancer symptoms, such as fatigue, small lumps, or mild digestive issues, can have harmless causes, but if they persist beyond a few weeks or show progression, medical advice should be sought. Regular screenings based on age and risk factors help catch disease before it advances.

“For instance, women over 40 should consider annual mammograms, and individuals with a history of tobacco use should undergo oral and lung check-ups. Listening to your body and acting on subtle, consistent changes is far more effective than waiting for pain or major symptoms to appear,” concludes the expert. 

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.