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This is an archive article published on November 23, 2021

New research: Exposure to harmless coronaviruses boosts SARS-CoV-2 immunity

This cross-reactive immune response, researchers at the University of Zurich say, is an important piece of the puzzle of how to achieve comprehensive coronavirus immunity.

Harmless human coronaviruses mostly only cause colds. (File Photo: Getty Images/Thinkstock)Harmless human coronaviruses mostly only cause colds. (File Photo: Getty Images/Thinkstock)

Immune responses to harmless human coronaviruses, which mostly only cause colds, provide some protection against SARS-CoV-2, a study has found. This cross-reactive immune response, researchers at the University of Zurich say, is an important piece of the puzzle of how to achieve comprehensive coronavirus immunity.

The researchers used a specially developed assay to analyse antibody levels against four other human coronaviruses in 825 serum samples taken before SARS-CoV-2 emerged. They also examined 389 samples from donors infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Combining these analyses with computer-based models, the team precisely predicted how well the antibodies would bind to and neutralise invading viruses, the University of Zurich said in a press release.

People who caught SARS-CoV-2 had lower levels of antibodies against coronaviruses that cause common colds compared to uninfected people. In addition, people with high levels of antibodies against harmless coronaviruses were less likely to have been hospitalised after catching SARS-CoV-2.

The stronger the antibody response to other coronaviruses, the stronger the resistance to SARS-CoV-2. (University of Zurich)

“… Someone who has gained immunity to harmless coronaviruses is also better protected against severe SARS-CoV-2 infections,” the release quoted Alexandra Trkola, head of the Institute of Medical Virology at the University of Zurich, as saying.

STUDY: Irene A. Abela, Chloé Pasin, Magdalena Schwarzmuller et al, ‘Multifactorial seroprofiling dissects the contribution of pre-existing human coronaviruses responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunity’, Nature Communications.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27040-x

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