Opinion The Islamists are not coming
An Islamist party may have won the first post-Arab Spring election. But the threat is overblown
Tunisias election last month,in which the Islamist party Ennahda claimed more than 40 per cent of the seats,reinforced the conventional wisdom that Islamists will be the biggest beneficiaries of the Arab Spring. Held down for years by autocratic regimes,so the argument goes,Islamists will be able to exploit their popularity in new elections and ultimately gain control.
The West wants to pretend that Islamist parties dont really exist. This wont work. Political Islam will not go away because the West ignores it; Islamist parties will,however,become more moderate if they are included in government. Seeking to prevent Islamist parties from participating in governance would actually be counterproductive for several reasons. First,Islamists are not stupid. Arab countries face daunting challenges and whoever governs them will need to tackle tremendous political and economic problems. Islamists dont want to be blamed for the mess. In Tunisia,Ennahda has made it clear that its uninterested in ruling the country alone.
Second,Islamists are not as popular as Western pundits and policymakers think. Political Islam benefited from closed authoritarian systems because there was no alternative; they were the only viable political opposition. Regimes couldnt totally crack down on Islamists given the power of the mosques,so people unhappy with the status quo tended to cast protest votes in favor of Islamist parties. Now there are other options and new political parties will take some of the opposition votes away from Islamists.
Third,the vast majority of protesters are not seeking to replace autocratic regimes with religious theocracies. Arabs especially the young people and secular liberals who poured into the streets are not going to be satisfied with hard-line ideological regimes. Islam as a solution is not enough for them; people want jobs and better lives and will demand results.
When Islamists were brought into the Jordanian government in 1990,they tried to introduce segregation between fathers and their daughters at school events. This backfired and citizens simply refused to go along with it. Jordans Islamists quickly backed down. Political inclusion,it turned out,had a moderating effect on Islamists.
Islamists have proved to be no better or worse than any other party in government. The best way to deal with Islamist parties,therefore,is to include them in government and hold them accountable.
In Tunisia,Ennahda has already said that it will respect personal rights and that the veil is a womans choice. If the party wants to be as successful in Tunisias next election after a new constitution has been written,it knows it needs to present moderate views.
Over the next few years,other parties will have a chance to develop in Tunisia and Islamists are likely to get a lower percentage of the vote next time around. They will start winning votes in relation to their actual strength on the ground. While they may be part of leading coalitions in various countries,they are unlikely to gain power outright in any country.
In order to ensure peaceful political competition,the new Arab democracies need to enshrine two principles in their new constitutions: pluralism and a peaceful political landscape free of armed groups like Hamas and Hezbollah.
Countries in transition have no choice but to open up the political system. Excluding and Islamists out of fear will only strengthen their appeal.
MARWAN MUASHER is a former deputy president of Jordan
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