Fat or sugar: What really is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

That said, excess body fat, particularly around the belly, is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. “The higher your body mass index (BMI), the greater your chances of developing diabetes. So, while fat in itself doesn’t directly cause diabetes, carrying too much body fat increases the risk,” said Dr Arora.

Dr Ghody noted that weight isn’t the only factor. “Even individuals who appear to be lean but have concealed fat stored close to their organs could also experience risks,” said Dr Ghody.

Similarly, sugar doesn’t directly cause diabetes either, but excessive intake of sugary foods and drinks can contribute to weight gain, which is a major risk factor. “Research has also shown that sugar-sweetened beverages increase the risk of type 2 diabetes even after adjusting for body weight,” said Dr Arora.

Here’s what you should consider (Photo: Getty Images/Thinkstock)

So, while neither fat nor sugar alone “causes” diabetes, overconsumption of both can contribute to weight gain, obesity, and insulin resistance, which are the real culprits behind type 2 diabetes.

“Consuming too much sugary food leads to weight gain, and having too much unhealthy fat raises the risk of diabetes. Poor diet, lack of exercise, stress, and even genetics all contribute to determining an individual’s risk,” said Dr Ghody.

What to keep in mind?

The most important thing is balance. “Keeping an eye on portion sizes, not consuming too much processed or fried food, reducing sugar-rich snacks and beverages, and maintaining physical activity are all prevention measures that work. Periodic check-ups with one’s health care provider are also worthwhile, particularly among individuals with a family history of diabetes,” said Dr Ghody.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.