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Is folate (vitamin B9) deficiency hampering your child’s growth? Takeaways from a new study

Girls have a higher deficiency than boys in govt schools across north India

Parents can incorporate folate-rich foods into their children’s daily diet. (File)

Nearly 41 per cent of urban adolescents in government schools across north India suffer from folate or vitamin B9 deficiency, which might be affecting their growth and development, according to a recent study by the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). Girls had a higher deficiency than boys.

The study was conducted with 3,129 school-going adolescents from north India.

Folate is vitamin B-9, which is needed for red blood cell formation and for healthy cell growth and function, crucial for children in their developmental years. It is needed by cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. If there isn’t enough folate, it can lead to anaemia, when the body lacks enough red blood cells. Folate is involved in the synthesis and repair of DNA and RNA, which are the building blocks of genetic material. According to Dr Rakesh Tiwari, senior consultant, Paediatrics, Paras Health, Gurugram, folate deficiency in foundational years can lead to impaired cognitive development, behavioural issues, fatigue and reduced academic performance. “A deficiency can compromise children’s immunity, making them more susceptible to infections,” he says.

How can parents ensure that their children have enough folate in their foods?

Parents can incorporate folate-rich foods into their children’s daily diet. These include green leafy vegetables (like spinach and fenugreek), legumes (lentils, chickpeas), citrus fruits, nuts, whole grains and fortified cereals. In cases of poor dietary intake, paediatricians may recommend folic acid supplements, especially in regions where deficiency is prevalent.

What is the role of Vitamin B9 in the growth of children?

Vitamin B9 is essential for supporting rapid growth phases in children. It aids in the production of red blood cells and development of the central nervous system during early childhood. In growing children, folate ensures proper brain function and emotional health. It is also crucial for tissue growth and cellular repair, processes that are continuous during childhood.

Inadequate folate levels during formative years can result in growth retardation, cognitive delays and anaemia. Therefore, maintaining sufficient levels of vitamin B9 is key to supporting both physical and intellectual development.

Do girls tend to have a higher folate deficiency? How does it impact their bodies?

Studies indicate that adolescent girls tend to have a higher prevalence of folate deficiency compared to boys. This is partly due to increased physiological demands during menstruation and puberty, as well as differences in dietary intake patterns.

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Folate deficiency in girls can lead to anaemia, decreased stamina and poor concentration. Over time, this may affect their academic performance and overall well-being. Moreover, since folate is vital for reproductive health, early deficiencies may have implications, triggering complications in future pregnancies.

Is there a genetic reason for the deficiency?

Yes, genetic factors can influence folate metabolism. Some children could, therefore, be more prone to deficiency even with normal dietary intake. Genetic screening is not typically required for all children but in recurrent deficiency cases or family history, a test may be considered.