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How Virtual Reality can help manage dementia and improve mental health in older adults

VR can help those with dementia recall positive memories by recreating familiar settings

Virtual environment challenges the hippocampus of the brain, which is responsible for memory and learning. (Photo: Freepik)

As we age, mental health challenges like loneliness, anxiety and depression become more common, often due to social isolation, health issues or cognitive decline. But what if technology could help? Virtual reality (VR), seen as a tool for gaming or entertainment, is now being explored as a way to enhance mental health. “From a neurological perspective, VR has the potential to stimulate the brain, improve emotional well-being and enhance the quality of life for older adults,” says Dr PN Renjen, Senior Consultant, Neurology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals

What is Virtual Reality?

Virtual reality is a computer-generated simulation of a 3D environment. Using a headset and controllers, users can “step into” a world that feels real. This world could be anything—a walk on a beach, a visit to a museum, or even an outer-space adventure. VR creates immersive experiences that engage multiple senses, tricking the brain into believing the user is actually there.

Can VR be a mental health guidance tool?

Yes, it’s a great way to tackle loneliness, the key reason for depression in older adults. VR can connect users to virtual social spaces where they can interact with family, friends, or even strangers in a safe, engaging environment. From virtual meet-ups to multi-player games, VR fosters social interaction, stimulating dopamine release and reducing feelings of isolation. VR is good for anxiety issues as it can create calming environment, such as a serene forest, gentle waves on a beach, or a quiet garden. These experiences soothe the brain’s amygdala, the part of the brain that causes fear and anxiety when overactive. Guided relaxation programmes in VR also teach mindfulness and deep breathing techniques.

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Virtual environment challenges the hippocampus of the brain, which is responsible for memory and learning. This part often shrinks with age, so a virtual walkthrough gets users to navigate, recall and solve problems. Games and activities, like memory puzzles or virtual tours of historic landmarks, keep the brain active and engaged. These can slow cognitive decline and even enhance neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections.

Many VR programmes incorporate movement, like dancing, yoga or virtual sports. Physical activity boosts endorphin levels, improving mood and promoting overall brain health. VR makes exercise more enjoyable, especially for those with mobility issues who may struggle with traditional forms of exercise.

Can VR be used by those with dementia?

VR can help those with dementia recall positive memories by recreating familiar settings, such as childhood homes or favourite vacation spots. This can improve mood, reduce agitation and foster a sense of comfort. Family members can also join in these virtual experiences.

What about scientific evidence on benefits of VR?

Studies show that immersive VR sessions can enhance neuroplasticity and activate areas of the brain associated with memory and emotion. Regular use of VR has been linked to reduced symptoms of depression, improved social interaction and cognitive ability in older adults.

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But aren’t there cost challenges?

While the benefits of VR are promising, high-quality VR equipment can be expensive, making it less accessible to many older adults. Some seniors may find the technology intimidating or physically challenging to operate. Prolonged VR use can cause discomfort, dizziness, or motion sickness in some users. Programmes must be designed with the unique needs of older adults in mind. But researchers are already developing VR programmes that are cost-effective and more user-friendly.