More than a PMS remedy

The oil is rich in a special class of polyunsaturated fat called gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). GLAs are also found in seed oils such as borage and black-currant. GLAs need not be provided in the diet as the body is able to manufacture these,when linoleic acid (a poly-unsaturated fat) is converted into a functionally active form — Gamma Linolenic acid (GLA).

GLA is the raw material for a family called prostaglandins,hormone-like lipids that regulate many physiologic processes. GLA forms a special class of prostaglandins (PGE1) which has anti-inflammatory properties and is known to reduce eczema and allergy symptoms,tone blood vessels (vasodilation),balance water levels,lower blood pressure and reduce the tendency to form blood clots. This may be the basis for the observation that GLA may help reduce pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

However,the ability to produce GLA from linoleic acid seems to be blocked or diminished with ageing,diabetes,alcohol consumption,high intake of saturated and trans fats,high blood cholesterol and zinc deficiency. In these situations,dietary GLA can help as it can bypass this block step. Therefore,supplementation may be helpful in certain situations.

Research in animals does show that evening primrose oil decreases risk of heart diseases by increasing HDL-C (good cholesterol) and reducing clotting and inflammation. It has also been shown to be beneficial in treatment of diabetic nerve disease (neuropathy).

Although evening primrose oil has been found to be effective in decreasing breast pain and helping with other pre-menstrual symptoms,including bloating and post menopausal symptoms like hot flushes,research remains inconclusive.

It should not be taken if you have a bleeding problem,blood disorder or taking medication for epilepsy or seizures. Evening primrose oil,however,in some has been reported to cause nausea,stomach pain,headache and loose stool particularly in high doses. Excessive or prolonged use may create an imbalance between the essential fats and lead to immuno-suppressive effects on the body.

However,since supplements are generally regarded safe and side-effects are rare,use of evening primrose oil is not contradicted and remains popular. Although,generally well often tolerated is most taken in the form of capsules,but it is also available as an oil. They must be taken under the supervision of a qualified physician.

Ishi Khosla is a former senior nutritionist at Escorts. She heads the Centre of Dietary Counselling and also runs a health food store. She feels that for complete well-being,one should integrate physical,mental and spiritual health. According to her: “To be healthy should be the ultimate goal for all.”