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Judgment calls

A reboot of judicial appointments is overdue. But Parliament must consider details of the bill closely.

A reboot of judicial appointments is overdue. But Parliament must consider details of the bill closely.

The cabinet has cleared a highly consequential bill that aims to change the process by which senior judges are appointed. Instead of having the judiciary choose its own through a closed collegium system,the proposed judicial appointments commission will be headed by the chief justice of India,and will include the Union law minister,two Supreme Court judges,the law secretary and two eminent persons,who will,in turn,be chosen by the CJI,the prime minister and the leader of the opposition. Apparently,this transition has support across the political spectrum,though the details will have to pass parliamentary scrutiny.

Article 124 of the Constitution requires the president to appoint Supreme Court judges,in consultation with the CJI. That requirement has been interpreted in very different ways,either by giving the executive too much power,or the judiciary too little accountability. In the system that has been in place since 1993,championed by then CJI J.S. Verma,judges choose their juniors. A collegium comprising the CJI and the four most senior Supreme Court judges crafts a shortlist of potential SC entrants,and decides among them. A similar process is followed in the high courts. But over the years,this procedure has been widely criticised as being opaque and open to charges of nepotism and favouritism. Controversial selections like P.D. Dinakaran and Soumitra Sen have strengthened this perception,and there have been many from within the judiciary who supported a change. The Law Commission,in its 214th report,also recommended a new system of appointments. The main problem with the judicial collegium is its utter lack of accountability there is no oversight,nor is there a way for citizens to express their grievances. Of course,it must be remembered that before 1993,judicial appointments were even more arbitrary,as the government simply chose judges who suited its interests.

An independent judicial appointments commission could avoid both these dangerous tilts. A similar constitutional amendment bill was conceived in 2003 under the NDA,but it lapsed after the Lok Sabha was dissolved in 2004. Now,this bill must be assessed in Parliament,and its details fully wrung out,including the basis on which eminent persons will be chosen. Given the current friction between the political class and the judiciary,these decisions must be taken with utmost care.

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