What to do after a rat bite: First aid, tetanus, and infection prevention

In some rare case it can lead to rat-bite fever, a deadly infection

In some cases, doctor may recommend antibiotics after rat bite (photos: pixabay, pexels)

Rat bites may not seem that threatening, but they can lead to serious infections, such as rat-bite fever, when not treated properly. Even though the number of rat bite cases is significantly lower than dog bites, many cases have been reported in urban areas like Pune, which registered 1,500 cases in 2025 alone. A 2006 study titled “Rat Bite Fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis”, published in PMC (PubMed Central), explains that rat bites can introduce bacteria causing systemic infections with symptoms like fever, rash, and joint pain.

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Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are critical to prevent complications, including heart or kidney inflammation. Dr Rahul Agrawal, Head of Internal Medicine at CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, confirms the study and stresses upon quick and proper wound care. “Just like with dog or monkey bites, wash the wound immediately with soap and plenty of running water for 10 to 15 minutes. This initial step helps remove germs and reduce infection risk.”

According to the findings of the Cleveland Clinic, starting antibiotics soon after symptoms and wound exposure results in a much better recovery and reduces relapse risk.

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Although rabies vaccination is rarely required in case of rat bites, it may be considered in some special cases

Immediate first aid for rat bites

Wash thoroughly with soap and running water for 10–15 minutes.
Apply antiseptic such as povidone-iodine.
Gently press the wound with a clean cloth to control bleeding.
Cover with a sterile dressing.
Avoid home remedies that may worsen infection.
Seek prompt medical care for evaluation, wound management, and medications.

Also Read | What to do after a monkey bite: First aid, rabies risk, and expert advice

“A tetanus booster is usually needed if you haven’t taken one in the last 5 years,” Dr Agrawal advises. The doctor may also recommend antibiotics to counter bacterial infections, in some cases. Although, rabies vaccination is rarely required but may be considered in exceptional cases.

Additionally, the patients should monitor the wound for redness, swelling, pus, fever, or joint pain and seek urgent care if symptoms develop. So, even though rat bites are often overlooked, they require timely medical action to minimise any complications.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.

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