Experts answer: How air pollution affects insulin sensitivity

While genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors are well-known contributors, emerging research highlights the significant role of environmental factors, particularly air pollution, in impairing insulin sensitivity, added Dr Kaur, further mentioning that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with the “odds of insulin resistance.”

While epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to ambient air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, experts contend that the mechanisms “underlying these effects of PM2.5 remain unclear as more accurate studies are required”, according to Dr Manisha Mendiratta, associate director and head – pulmonology, Sarvodaya Hospital, Sector-8, Faridabad.

Nevertheless, it is essential to check health parameters if you already have pre-existing conditions like pre-diabetes or diabetes, said Dr Kaur. “It is also important to understand that oxidative stress is the major contributing factor by which air pollution leads to diabetes,” said Dr Agarwal.

Air pollution affects your metabolic health (Express Photo by Amit Mehra)

What can help?

Air pollution’s impact on insulin sensitivity extends beyond inflammation to include the harmful effects of endocrine disruptors. “While avoiding exposure entirely may not be feasible, taking proactive steps to limit exposure and support metabolic health can help mitigate its effects and lower the risk of diabetes,” said Dr Abhijit Bhograj, consultant, endocrinologist, diabetes and thyroid, Manipal Hospital Hebbal.

According to Dr Mendiratta, long-term air pollution exposure was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity among adults and youth, patients with diabetes, and individuals prone to type 2 diabetes, suggesting impaired insulin sensitivity could be an important intermediate step linking air pollution to developing type 2 diabetes.

Check blood sugar levels regularly as recommended by the doctor. “It is essential to maintain an optimum weight, eat a nutritious diet, exercise daily, and avoid junk, oily, canned, processed, and sugary foods,” said Dr Agarwal.

Dr Bhograj advised avoiding outdoor activities during high-pollution periods, especially in areas with heavy traffic. “Use high-quality air purifiers at home to minimise indoor exposure to harmful particles and endocrine disruptors,” said Dr Bhograj.

Regular physical activity, a diet rich in antioxidants, and maintaining a healthy weight can counteract some of the negative effects of pollution on insulin sensitivity, mentioned Dr Bhograj.

Since diabetes is known to impact one’s kidney, eyes, liver, and heart, it is better to go for regular check-ups and follow-ups with the doctor without fail, urge experts.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.