Behind the Art: Controversies and criticisms: Revisiting Benjamin West’s portrayal of General Wolfe’s death

The Painting and the Depiction of the Battle of Quebec

According to several art critics, West’s painting depicts General Wolfe in a Christ-like pose, with a triangular composition resembling Christian “Lamentation” scenes. Captain Hervey Smythe is shown holding Wolfe’s arm, and Dr Thomas Hinde is depicted trying to stop Wolfe’s bleeding. The Indigenous warrior’s pose is analysed as a sign of deep thought and intelligence. In the background, a runner is depicted approaching the group, waving his hat tSo attract their attention and carrying a captured French flag. This symbolises the news relayed to Wolfe that the French were being defeated. However, only four of the fourteen men depicted were present at the battle. West’s decision to depict his subjects in contemporary clothing was controversial at the time, as it was customary to portray such subjects in classical attire. It is said that George III allegedly even refused to purchase the painting, believing that the clothing choice compromised the image’s dignity. But that was not the only controversy surrounding this masterpiece.

The Controversies and Historical Accuracy Debate

It is important to note that “General Wolfe’s Death” by Benjamin West was not particularly controversial when it was first unveiled in 1770. In fact, the painting was commissioned by King George III and was widely praised by the public for its emotional intensity and historical accuracy. However, it has become a controversial piece of art in recent times. Some scholars and historians have criticised the painting for its romanticised depiction of war and its emphasis on the heroism of the British soldiers. Critics have pointed out that the painting glosses over the brutal realities of war and fails to acknowledge the suffering and loss experienced by both sides. They argue that by focusing on the heroism of the British soldiers, the painting perpetuates a one-sided and narrow view of history. Others have criticised the painting for its historical inaccuracies and depiction of Indigenous peoples, who are shown in the background of the painting as passive onlookers. According to many historians, there is no evidence that any of these figures were present at Wolfe’s death. Furthermore, all of them were senior military figures who would have been occupied with other aspects of the battle since Wolfe died during the height of the battle itself and not after it.

An Iconic Symbol of Canadian History

Despite several criticisms and objections by art critics and historians, this painting has sustained its title of being the most iconic symbol of Canadian history for several reasons. The first reason is that it depicts a pivotal moment in Canadian history, the Battle of Quebec in 1759, which marked a turning point in the French and Indian War. The battle paved the way for the eventual British conquest of Canada and establishing British rule over the country. The second reason is that the painting has become an important cultural artefact in Canada, representing a shared history and identity. It has been reproduced on stamps, coins, and banknotes, and has been featured in countless books, films, and television programs. The painting has become a symbol of Canadian nationalism, patriotism, and sacrifice, representing the country’s military heritage and its role in shaping the world. It is also important to note that the painting’s emotional power and artistic excellence have made it an enduring masterpiece of historical art. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest works of American art and is celebrated for its dramatic use of light and shadow, and its emotional intensity. The painting has inspired countless artists and has become an icon of Canadian culture and history.

Next up in Behind the Art: How Ivan Aivazovsky’s Masterpiece Depicts the Battle of Cesme

📣 For more lifestyle news, follow us on Instagram | Twitter | Facebook and don’t miss out on the latest updates!