UPSC Essentials | Daily subject-wise quiz : Science and Technology MCQs on verbal dyslexia, traditional medicines and more (Week 87)

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

— Traditional medicine in India is often defined as including practices and therapies — such as yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha — that have been part of Indian tradition historically, as well as others — such as homoeopathy — that became part of Indian tradition over the years.

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

QUESTION 2

Which of the following are the products of volcanic eruptions?

1. Sulphur compounds

2. Ash and dust

3. Helium gas

4. Pyroclastic debris

5. Argon gas

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 1, 3, 4 and 5

(c) 1, 2, 4 and 5

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Explanation

— Volcanoes can be on land and in the ocean. They are formed when material significantly hotter than its surroundings is erupted onto the surface of the Earth. The material could be liquid rock (known as “magma”, when it’s underground and “lava” when it breaks through the surface), ash, and/or gases.

— Magma refers to the material found in the upper mantle. When it begins to move towards the crust or reaches the surface, it is known as “lava.”

— Lava flows, pyroclastic debris, volcanic bombs, ash and dust, as well as gases such as nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds, and trace amounts of chlorine, hydrogen, and argon, all make their way to the ground.

— Helium is not a product of volcanic eruptions.

Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

QUESTION 3

With reference to the verbal dyslexia, consider the following statements:

1. It is similar to traditional dyslexia.

2. It refers to the language challenges faced by individuals.

3. There are no formal diagnostic criteria for verbal dyslexia.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

Explanation

— In recent years, the term’verbal dyslexia‘ has gained traction in dyslexia discourse. Although not formally recognised in diagnostic frameworks, it is used to characterise verbal language impairments commonly encountered in people with classic dyslexia. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— Verbal dyslexia refers to language issues that are similar to those experienced by those with traditional dyslexia. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

— Traditional dyslexia entails difficulty with reading, writing, and spelling, which are frequently caused by phonological processing issues. Verbal dyslexia, while not officially recognised as a separate condition, is assumed to cover similar difficulties.

— Identifying signs of verbal dyslexia might be difficult because the term lacks official diagnostic criteria. Currently, no established diagnostic criteria exist for verbal dyslexia. Instead, assessments are based on methods used to evaluate classic dyslexia. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

QUESTION 4

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) unveiled a newly developed prototype of a telescope that can be used to study gravitational waves in outer space in collaboration with:

(a) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

(b) European Space Agency (ESA)

(c) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

(d) Russian Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)

Explanation

— The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) unveiled a newly developed prototype of a telescope that can be used to study gravitational waves in outer space.

— The telescope was built as part of a joint mission with the European Space Agency (ESA) called Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).

— The primary goal of the LISA mission is to research gravitational waves by launching three spacecraft into Earth’s orbit and arranging them in a triangle formation with 1.6 million miles on each side.

— Each of the three spacecraft will have two telescopes to detect infrared laser pulses from the other satellites. Researchers anticipate detecting a gravitational wave when one of the three spacecraft alters its distinctive pattern.

— “The primary mirror is coated in gold to better reflect the infrared lasers and to reduce heat loss from a surface exposed to cold space since the telescope will operate best when close to room temperature,” according to the agency’s website.

Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

QUESTION 5

The term “PraVaHa” refers to:

(a) A technology used to explore space.

(b) A technology to measure astronomical distances.

(c) An instrument used to examine X-rays.

(d) A technology used to simulate external and internal flows on launch vehicles.

Explanation

— The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software “Parallel RANS Solver for Aerospace Vehicle Aero-thermo-dynamic Analysis” (PraVaHa) is developed in VSSC to simulate external and internal flows on launch vehicles, winged & nonwinged re-entry vehicles.

— Any aerospace vehicle is subjected to severe aerodynamic and aerothermal loads in terms of external pressure and heat flux while moving through the earth’s atmosphere during ‘launch’ or ‘reentry’.

— The shape, structure and thermal protection system (TPS) are essentially designed to understand the ‘airflow’ around aircraft, rocket bodies, or Crew Module [CM] during earth re-entry.

— PraVaHa has been used extensively in the Gaganyaan program for aerodynamic analysis of human-rated launch vehicles, viz, HLVM3, Crew Escape System [CES], and Crew Module [CM].

— At present, the PraVaHa code is operational to simulate airflow for Perfect Gas & Real Gas conditions. Validations of the code are underway for simulating the effect of chemical reactions that occur during air dissociation upon ‘earth re-entry’ and ‘combustion’ as in scramjet vehicles.

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

(Source: http://www.isro.gov.in)

Previous Daily Subject-Wise-Quiz

Daily Subject-wise quiz — History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 87)

Daily subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 87)

Daily subject-wise quiz —  Science and Technology (Week 86)

Daily subject-wise quiz — Environment and Geography (Week 86)

Daily subject-wise quiz — Economy (Week 86)

Daily subject-wise quiz – International Relations (Week 86)

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