How to protect your eyes from sunburn or photokeratitis

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can result in photokeratitis, a painful eye ailment similar to sunburn that impacts the corneas of your eyes as opposed to your skin.

As with skin, the longer your exposure to UV rays, the more intense your symptoms are likely to be. (Source: Freepik)

The next time you get ready to head outdoors in the scorching heat, take a moment to remember that eyes can get sunburned the same way skin can. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can result in photokeratitis, a painful eye ailment similar to sunburn that impacts the corneas of your eyes as opposed to your skin. This condition affects the thin surface layer of the cornea–the clear front window of the eye–and the conjunctiva, which is the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids.

“Photokeratitis, commonly referred to as sunburned eyes, occurs when the eyes are exposed to excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically from the sun or other intense light sources. This condition causes temporary damage to the cornea, similar to how the skin gets sunburned,” Dr Ajay Sharma, Chief Medical Director, EyeQ told indianexpress.com.

As with skin, the longer your exposure to UV rays, the more intense your symptoms are likely to be. “These can include eye pain, redness, a gritty sensation, excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and temporary visual impairment,” said Dr Sharma.

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Certain individuals are at a higher risk of getting photokeratitis such as individuals who spend significant time outdoors, particularly in high-altitude regions or snowy environments, face a higher risk of developing photokeratitis. Additionally, those engaged in occupations or activities with increased UV exposure, such as welders or snow sports enthusiasts, are more susceptible, the expert added.

Treatment and diagnosis

If you experience symptoms, go indoors immediately. (Source: Freepik)

An ophthalmologist (doctor who specialises in eye problems) can examine your eyes and determine how much damage has occurred to your eyes. They may place drops containing a dye called fluorescein into your eyes, which helps reveal superficial irregularities on the surface of your cornea.

Dr Sharma noted that if you experience photokeratitis, it is best to rest your eyes in a dark and quiet environment and use over-the-counter lubricating eye drops for relief. “Remember to resist the temptation to rub your eyes, for such actions may exacerbate the condition. Additionally, give your eyes the respite they deserve by refraining from wearing contact lenses until the situation improves. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to consult an eye care professional for further evaluation and treatment.”

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Prevention

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The expert advised that to prevent photokeratitis, it is crucial to safeguard your eyes from UV radiation. “Ensure you wear sunglasses which block 100% of UVA and UVB rays, coupled with a wide-brimmed hat for added shade. Employ protective eyewear when participating in activities that expose your eyes to UV rays. Moreover, minimise direct sun exposure during peak UV hours (typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Seek shade whenever possible, especially in open areas. If you engage in outdoor activities like swimming or skiing, consider using goggles with UV protection.”

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