As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issues health advisory in the US, we understand what ‘slapped cheek’ syndrome is

But, what exactly is the ‘slapped cheek’ syndrome?

Dr Shruthi Badarinath Pranav, consultant paediatrics and paediatric gastroenterology at Sparsh Hospital Bengaluru, tells indianexpress.com, “Slapped cheek syndrome, also known as fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection caused by the parvovirus B19. Its name comes from the hallmark symptom — a bright red rash that appears on the cheeks, giving the appearance of a ‘slapped’ face. This is often the most noticeable sign, particularly in children, but it’s usually preceded by other symptoms that can easily be mistaken for a mild cold or flu.”

Initially, a child with slapped cheek syndrome might experience symptoms such as:

– Low-grade fever

– Runny nose

– Sore throat

– Headache

– Fatigue or malaise

After a few days of these early symptoms, the distinctive red rash appears on the cheeks, she says. Over the next few days, a lacy, pink rash may spread to other parts of the body, including the arms, legs, and trunk. The rash may fade and then reappear in response to triggers such as heat, sunlight, or stress, which can make it persist for several weeks.

Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and relieve discomfort (Source: Freepik)

How does it spread among children?

Dr Pranav informs, “Slapped cheek syndrome spreads primarily through respiratory droplets, which means that when an infected person coughs or sneezes, the virus can be inhaled by others nearby. The virus is also contagious through close contact, which is why it tends to spread easily among children in schools, daycare centres, or playgrounds where they are in close quarters and frequently interact with one another.”

One of the tricky aspects of slapped cheek syndrome is that a person is most contagious before the characteristic rash appears. Once the rash is visible, the individual is usually no longer contagious, which means that preventing the spread of the virus can be challenging.

Treatment options

There is no specific antiviral treatment for slapped cheek syndrome, Dr Pranav says, as it is a self-limiting illness that typically resolves on its own within one to three weeks. Most children recover fully with supportive care aimed at relieving symptoms. 

Here are some treatment options to help manage the illness:

– Rest: Ensure the child gets plenty of rest to support their immune system in fighting the virus.

– Fluids: Encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, especially if they have a fever.

– Fever and Pain Management: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and relieve discomfort, but it’s essential to follow the recommended dosage for children.

– Skin Care: While the rash typically doesn’t itch, if it becomes irritated, cool compresses or antihistamines may help soothe the skin.

Parents should seek medical attention if their child experiences any of the following:

– Persistent high fever that doesn’t subside with fever-reducing medications

– Severe joint pain or swelling, as slapped cheek syndrome can sometimes cause joint inflammation

– Signs of anaemia, such as unusual fatigue, pale skin, or difficulty breathing

– If the child has a compromised immune system or a blood disorder, they should see a doctor immediately for more tailored care.