Vaping, nicotine pouches are as potent a trigger for blood sugar as smoking, says new study: Experts explain the risk

Why and how does smoking increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes?

Smoking increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to its harmful effects on the body’s insulin sensitivity, inflammation and metabolic processes. “Nicotine and other chemicals in tobacco smoke contribute to insulin resistance, a condition where the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin. As a result, the pancreas must produce more insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels, which can eventually overwhelm the pancreas and lead to the development of type 2 diabetes,” says Mohali endocrinologist Dr Neeraj Garg.

Cigarette smoke triggers systemic inflammation, which further contributes to insulin resistance. “The inflammatory molecules produced by smoking interfere with insulin signalling, making it more difficult for the body to properly absorb and regulate blood sugar. Additionally, smoking causes fat accumulation in the abdominal area, which is a known risk factor for insulin resistance. This abdominal fat releases fatty acids and inflammatory substances into the bloodstream, which can worsen the body’s ability to handle glucose,” explains Dr Garg.

Moreover, smoking can affect the functioning of the blood vessels, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, which often co-occurs with diabetes. “Even among people who do not have a genetic predisposition to diabetes, smoking can significantly raise the likelihood of developing the condition,” adds Dr Garg.

How smokeless tobacco is an equal risk factor?

Researchers explained how the link between snus — moist tobacco pouches placed under the upper lips from which nicotine is absorbed in the oral cavity — and diabetes risk had been studied less than smoking. “In fact, this is the most significant finding. Snus may not be burnt and contain fewer harmful substances but can deliver equal amounts of nicotine. So the risk of diabetes is just the same,” explains Dr KP Singh, Director of Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital.

Besides, some smokeless tobacco products contain added sugars. Swallowing juice from chewed tobacco can lead to a significant spike in blood sugar levels due to the ingested sugar.