Is your heart attack risk going up because of factors other than cholesterol? Watch your triglycerides

How do Triglycerides form plaques?

One of the primary ways elevated triglycerides impact the heart is by thickening and hardening artery walls, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This process leads to the buildup of fatty deposits or plaques, which narrow the arteries, restrict blood flow, and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. High triglyceride levels are often accompanied by low levels of HDL (good cholesterol) and high levels of LDL (bad cholesterol), creating a perfect storm for cardiovascular complications.

Moreover, high triglycerides are closely linked to other health conditions, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, all of which further exacerbate the risk of heart disease. Elevated triglycerides can also contribute to pancreatitis, a painful inflammation of the pancreas, adding another layer of health complications.

Once you eat, your metabolism breaks down your food so that your body can draw energy. When we consume excess calories—especially from sugary foods, refined carbohydrates and unhealthy fats—the body converts these into triglycerides, which are stored in fat cells for future use. While this storage mechanism is essential for energy balance, consistently high levels lead to serious health issues.

The breakdown of triglycerides leaves some byproducts or “remnant particles.” These include leftover bits of cholesterol and fatty acids, which had been bunched together with triglycerides. These float around, trigger inflammation of your arteries that leads to plaque buildup. So, even though triglycerides don’t stick to your artery walls, they are the reason that arteries narrow and breakaway particles block them in the first place.

Why do triglycerides rise?

High triglyceride levels often come from consuming excessive fats—particularly from sources like oils, dairy, and animal products. However, even seemingly healthy foods like nuts can be problematic for heart patients. Almonds, walnuts, and cashews, while nutritious, are high in fats nevertheless and should be had in moderation or avoided by those with heart disease. It’s essential to focus on a diet low in fats and oils to reduce the risk of blockages.

Managing triglyceride levels is crucial because it can prevent these conditions from progressing. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and avoiding excessive sugars and trans fats are effective ways to maintain healthy triglyceride levels. For some, medications may also be necessary to bring levels into a safer range. In essence, controlling triglycerides is essential for maintaining not just heart health but overall wellness and longevity.

(Dr Chhajer is former AIIMS consultant and director at Saaol Heart Centre, New Delhi)