UPSC Key- May 31, 2023: Know about Wrestlers Protest, CORSIA, Renaissance, Judicial Custody and Police Custody

Dear Readers,
Preparation for the UPSC Examination requires studying multiple newspaper articles on a single topic, while at the same time we experience a paucity of time. Covering all the articles on our own is quite tedious. Thus, we are coming up with a new initiative called the Indian Express 360° UPSC Debate.
The 360° UPSC Debate: Same-Sex Marriage in India – Urban Elite Concept Or Integral Right?  covers all the dimension after sifting through multiple articles. This initiative and the topics covered will immensely help students in enhancing their in-depth knowledge as well as their answer writing for the upcoming civil service main examination.

FRONT PAGE

Global Olympics body steps in: Very disturbing, protect athletes

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination:  

• General Studies I: Role of women and Social empowerment

• General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

• General Studies IV: Ethics and Human Interface

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story- FOR the first time since India’s top wrestlers, including two Olympics medal winners, alleged sexual harassment by their federation chief, BJP MP Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh, the International Olympic Committee has stepped in. The statement came hours after the wrestlers — including Bajrang Punia (Olympics Bronze, 2021) and Sakshi Malik (Olympics Bronze, 2016) — threatened to drop their medals into the Ganga at Haridwar. The IOC spokesperson from Lausanne, Switzerland, in a response to a query from The Indian Express, said that the “treatment” meted out to the athletes over the weekend, when they were manhandled and detained for hours, was “very disturbing.”

• Why wrestlers including Bajrang Punia (Olympics Bronze, 2021) and Sakshi Malik (Olympics Bronze, 2016) threatened to drop their medals into the Ganga at Haridwar?

• What you know about the protest so far?

• Why these Wrestlers are protesting?

• Why International Olympic Committee has stepped in?

• International Olympic Committee-Know in detail

• Indian Olympic Association-Know the role

• “The treatment of the Indian wrestling athletes over the weekend was very disturbing”-Why wrestlers were treated like this?

• What Indian Olympic Association have said?

• Why International Olympic Committee’s statement assumes significance?

• United World Wrestling (UWW)-Know in detail

• How Government has responded?

• Do you think that the Union government has shown indifference towards protesting wrestlers?

• How you see Delhi police action on these world renowned wrestlers?

• For Your Information-These wrestlers began the protest on April 23, demanding the arrest of the Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) chief Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh, on grounds of sexual harassment of female athletes, including a minor.

• Who is Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh?

• What is the accusation against Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh?

• What are the “major findings” after a preliminary scrutiny of the probe committee that looked into allegations of sexual harassment?

• “Injustice anywhere,” Martin Luther King Jr said, “is a threat to justice everywhere.”-Decode the quote

• What is internal complaint committee?

• What is the role of internal complaint committee?

• When was Wrestling Federation of India established?

• Did India’s most esteemed female wrestlers make the correct decision by publicly condemning the Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh?

• “The recent case of Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh is characterised by a dangerous combination of political nexus and male domination of positions of power”-Analyse

• ‘Politicians and politics should not have any say in sports’-do you agree?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Which court will hear minor’s complaint against WFI chief?

📍Their new dangal

📍Newsmaker | Why BJP still in Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh’s corner despite several knocks

📍Wrestlers’ protest: The story so far

Shah asks groups in Manipur to keep peace for 15 days, hold talks

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Mains Examination: 

• General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

• General Studies III: Linkages between development and spread of extremism and Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security

• General Studies III: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-Imposition of President’s Rule in Manipur and creation of a separate administration for tribals were among the key demands from tribal leaders who met Union Home Minister Amit Shah in Churachandpur district on Tuesday, said sources. Shah is learnt to have assured that the demands would be considered, but asked the leaders to ensure peace for at least a fortnight so that normalcy could return and the talks could be taken forward. Shah also assured an independent probe into the violence by a central agency or judicial committee, said sources. Shah is on a four-day visit to Manipur to review the security situation in the state and bring warring Kukis and Meiteis together to resolve the turmoil that has affected Manipur since May 3.

• Map Work-Churachandpur, Moreh, Kangpokpi and Imphal (Manipur)

• Why have tribal bodies demanded the imposition of President’s Rule?

• What is the present status?

• Why fresh round of violence?

• What exactly triggered the violence in the state?

• Who are Kuki and Meitei?

• Which are the major communities residing in Manipur?

• ‘The participants were protesting the demand for inclusion of the state’s Meitei community in the Scheduled Tribe (ST) category, following an April 19 Manipur High Court directive’-What precisely was the Manipur High Court’s order to the State administration on April 19, 2023?

• Do You Know-The court observed that “the petitioners and other Unions are fighting long years for inclusion of Meetei/Meitei community in the tribe list of Manipur”, and directed the government to submit its recommendation after considering the case of the petitioners, “preferably within a period of four weeks” of receipt of the order.

• ‘The development has reopened an old ethnic Faultline in the state between the plain-dwelling majority Meitei community and the hill tribes’-what old ethnic Faultline?

• What exactly triggered the violence in the state?

• Who are Kuki and Meitei?

• What do you understand by ‘Insurgency’?

• Why is it called ‘Insurgency’?

• How Insurgency is different from Guerrilla warfare?

• What is the difference between militant and insurgent? How militancy is different from insurgency?

• Know these terms-Terrorism, Insurgency, Belligerency and Civil war

• What are the roots of the Kuki insurgency?

• Manipur has been in the cross-currents of India’s oldest insurgent movements-why?

• History of conflict in Manipur-Know in detail

• The Indian government enacted the Armed Forces Special Powers Act in 1958 in reaction to the Naga separatist activity, initially implementing it across Nagaland and parts of Manipur-How these States responded?

• What do you understand by ‘disturbed area’?

• What is the Suspension of Operations pact?

• What are the terms of the SoO pact?

• The Kuki-Zomi insurgent groups-Know in detail

• “The insurgent groups are intricately woven into the daily life in Manipur”-Comment

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Manipur challenges not over, will take some time, says CDS

HC rejects Sisodia bail plea: Can’t ignore CBI fear that he may influence witnesses

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Mains Examination: General Studies II: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-THE DELHI High Court on Tuesday rejected the bail plea of former deputy chief minister Manish Sisodia, who was arrested by the CBI more than three months ago in connection with the excise policy case, saying that the probe agency’s “apprehension” that he “might adversely influence witnesses cannot be ignored”.

• What is Bail?

• What is India’s Law on Bail?

• Manish Sisodia is in the Judicial Custody or in the police custody?

• Who is Manish Sisodia?

• Why the Central Bureau of Investigation arrested Manish Sisodia?

• The new liquor policy was very much in news-why?

• For Your Information-Proposed in 2020, it came into effect in November 2021. Delhi was divided into 32 zones with each zone having 27 liquor vends. It marked the exit of the government from selling liquor — only private liquor shops would run in the city, and each municipal ward would have 2-3 vends. It aimed to end the liquor mafia and black marketing, increase revenue and improve the consumer experience, and ensure equitable distribution of liquor vends. The government also made the rules flexible for licensees, such as allowing them to offer discounts and set their own prices instead of selling on MRP fixed by the government. Following this, discounts were offered by vendors, which attracted crowds. After protests by the opposition, the excise department withdrew the discounts for some time.

• What provision in the new liquor policy was the point of contention?

• What differences exist between the old liquor policy and the new liquor policy?

• What exactly CBI said on Delhi excise policy?

• How Judicial Custody is different from the police custody?

• Why DELHI High Court rejected the bail plea of former deputy chief minister Manish Sisodia?

• On what grounds did the Delhi HC reject Sisodia’s plea?

• In the Supreme Court earlier, a bench of Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud and Justice P S Narasimha disapproved of Sisodia approaching the apex court directly under Article 32 of the Constitution-Why?

• What is Article 32 of the Constitution?

• What is the triple test to satisfy the need for arrest?

• What is an individual’s right against self-incrimination?

• Do You Know-Article 20(3) in Part III (Fundamental Rights) of the Indian Constitution says, “No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.” The right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty, and the right to remain silent in an interrogation essentially flow from this constitutionally guaranteed right against self-incrimination. This right also ensures that police cannot coerce anyone to confess to a crime, and obtain a conviction based on that confession.

• How does the right against self-incrimination apply in criminal cases?

• What happened in Manish Sisodia’s case?

• What was the reasoning of the court?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Sisodia changed phone the day L-G sent complaint to CBI: ED

Previous Year Prelims Questions Based on same theme:

📍With reference to India, consider the following statements: (GS1, 2021)
1. Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail.
2. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

EXPRESS NETWORK

Legal battle over Devas-Antrix deal reaches Mauritius shores

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance

Main Examination:

• General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

• General Studies III: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-A long drawn legal battle between the foreign investors in the Bengaluru space start up firm Devas Multimedia Pvt Ltd and Indian authorities over the annulment of a 2005 satellite deal with the Indian Space Research Organisation’s commercial arm Antrix Corp has now reached Mauritian shores with India’s Department of Space reportedly urging authorities in Mauritius to take control of three Mauritius-based firms that served as the foreign investment route in Devas Multimedia Pvt Ltd.

• Map Work-Mauritius

• A 2005 satellite deal between Antrix Corporation and Devas Multimedia Pvt Ltd-Know the background and entire controversy

• What was the National Company Law Tribunal decision on Devas Multimedia

• What was Supreme Court of India’s Decision on Antrix-Devas Deal?

• National Company Law Tribunal- Quasi-Judicial Body, Established Under which Act?

• Department of Space-About, Chairman, Role

• Department of Space and ISRO-Any Connections or Both are independent in their own Domain?

• For Your Information-Based on a plea by Antrix Corp, the National Company Law Tribunal in India ordered the liquidation of Devas Multimedia in India on charges of fraud in its incorporation two years ago. The order was upheld by the Supreme Court of India earlier this year. The three Mauritius investors in Devas Multimedia have approached the US federal court for the Western District of Washington for recognition of CCDM Holdings, LLC, Telcom Devas, LLC, and Devas Employees Fund US, LLC together as “the Delaware parents” of the Mauritius firms in order to intervene in ongoing efforts by Mauritius authorities – at the behest of the DoS – to liquidate them.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Explained: The Devas-Antrix deal and its aftermath

📍Explained: Why did NCLAT term the Devas-Antrix agreement as fraud

India to host 22nd SCO summit as Chair on July 4

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Mains Examination: General Studies II: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s Interests.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-India will host the 22nd summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), for the first time under its chairmanship, in a virtual format in July, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said on Tuesday. Heads of state of all member-countries, including Russia, China and Pakistan, have been invited, the ministry said in a statement. Earlier supposed to be an in-person event, the event will be held on July 4 and will be chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The eight-member group’s defence and foreign ministers attended in-person meetings in India earlier this year.

• Who will host the 22nd summit of SCO?

• What is Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

• What kind of a grouping is the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

• Know the members and observer countries in Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

• Map Work-Mark Shanghai Cooperation Organisation member countries and Iran, Belarus and Mongolia

• Is India a part of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

• When did India become permanent member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

• What is the importance of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation for India?

• India has named the upcoming summit ‘Towards a SECURE SCO’-What does ‘SECURE’ stands for?

• For Your Information-“SECURE”, an acronym coined by Prime Minister Modi at the 2018 SCO Summit. stands for Security; Economy and Trade; Connectivity; Unity; Respect for Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity; and Environment. “These themes have been highlighted during our Chairmanship of SCO,” the MEA stated.

• Under what circumstances did India enter the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?

• How does membership of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation help India?

• How does global geopolitics play out for Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and India?

• How does it play out in the India-Pakistan or India-China relationship?

• “If the Quad is India’s diplomacy in the Indo-Pacific, the SCO represents its diplomacy in the Eurasian landmass”-Discuss

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍What is the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit?

📍Explained: What SCO summit means for India’s global and regional interests

THE IDEAS PAGE

Chaos in Pakistan, caution in India

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Mains Examination: General Studies II: India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-Ramanathan Kumar Writes: The reverberations of the events of May 9, 2023 are likely to be felt across Pakistan for a long time. Suspected activists of the youth wing of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and other unidentified miscreants, protesting against the arrest of former Prime Minister Imran Khan, had attacked the General Headquarters of the Pakistan Army in Rawalpindi, a field office of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) in Faisalabad and burnt down the residence of the Corps Commander in Lahore.

• Why is there political unrest in Pakistan?

• How does political unrest in Pakistan affects India?

• What implications, if any, do these developments have for the national security of India which, in any case, has little or no ability to influence the ground situation in Pakistan?

• India Pakistan Relations-Know the Historical Background

• “A strong, stable and peaceful Pakistan is in India’s interest”-Elucidate

• The current unrest in Pakistan could present a new challenges to the already strained relationship between India-Pakistan?

• The current unrest in Pakistan can put a damper on hopes for effective regional cooperation and commerce in South Asia-Discuss

• “The unrestrained powers and insatiable avarice of Pakistan’s ‘deep state’ are to blame for the majority of the country’s internal problems and subsequent instability”-How far you agree?

• “Pakistan is undeniably under the grip of escalating domestic insecurity and massive economic woes”-What is happening in Pakistan?

• “Geoeconomics” rather than geostrategy between India and Pakistan-Comment

• What makes peace elusive between India-Pakistan in present scenario?

• Current events shaping India-Pakistan Relations-What are they?

• Major ‘changes’ in Indian diplomacy in the last eight years of New Delhi’s towards Pakistan-What is that ‘Change’?

• How diplomacy worked under former prime minister of India’s like PV Narasimha Rao, H D Deve Gowda, I K Gujral, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Manmohan Singh’s in the context of Pakistan?

• Do You Know-Ties between India and Pakistan have nosedived over the past eight years. In August 2015, India had extended an invitation to Pakistan Foreign Minister Sartaj Aziz. But the visit was called off after the then External Affairs Minister, the late Sushma Swaraj, asked Aziz to desist from meeting the Hurriyat in India. The last External Affairs Minister to visit Pakistan was Swaraj in December 2015 for the Heart of Asia conference in Islamabad. Subsequently, bilateral ties deteriorated with the terrorist attacks in Pathankot (January 2016), Uri (September 2016) and Pulwama (February 2019). And they hit a nadir with the abrogation of Article 370 in J&K, which led to downgrading of diplomatic ties, suspension of trade and review of arrangements, and a halt on all cross-border bus and train services.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Why separatist politics has plagued Pakistan since its inception

EXPLAINED

A Van Gogh by another name: Why artworks are renamed

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: General Studies I: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-Almost 135 years after it was painted by Vincent van Gogh, the art work Red Cabbages and Onions has now been rechristened Red Cabbages and Garlic by the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Prompting the move was the observation of Dutch chef Ernst de Witte, who reached out to the museum last year to bring to its notice that the foreground of the painting did not depict onions, as believed for more than a century, but garlic bulbs. Admitting the error, the museum decided to rename the work. Recent years have seen several other works of art being renamed for varied reasons.

• Vincent van Gogh-Know him and his work

• The van Gogh work and how it was renamed?

• What makes Vincent van Gogh different from other artists?

• How did the renaissance have an impact on Vincent van Gogh?

• How is art named and renamed?

• Some famous artworks that have been renamed and why?

• How the process has its challenges?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍How cow urine from India found itself in van Gogh’s paintings

Curbing airplane emissions

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization.

Main Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-Last week, France announced a ban on all short-haul domestic flights. A month earlier, the Schiphol airport in Amsterdam, one of the busiest in Europe, banned private jets and small business planes. There is a growing clamour in Europe for a bigger crackdown on private aviation sector. As the world continues to fall behind in the race against time to curb global warming, desperate and non-conventional measures seem to be beginning to kick in.

• “Aviation is a relatively small contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions”-How much Aviation sector contributes?

• Do You Know-France, last week, became the first country in the world to impose a ban on short-haul domestic flights. The country brought in a new law, effective from May 23, that bars air travel to destinations that can be covered by up to two-and-a-half hour journey by train. As of now, only three routes are affected by this law — those to the cities of Lyon, Nantes and Bordeaux from Paris.

• “Air transport, globally, accounts for just about 2 per cent of global carbon dioxide emissions every year, and less than two per cent of greenhouse gas emissions”-Comment

• “Private jets, usually far more inefficient than large commercial airliners, have always been a big eyesore from the climate perspective”-Why so?

• For Your Information-In a recent report, a clean transport campaign group in Europe called Transport and Environment estimated that private jets were 5 to 14 times more polluting, per passenger, than commercial planes, and 50 times more polluting than trains. It said private planes could emitting about 2 tonnes of carbon dioxide every hour, while an average person in Europe emits about 8.2 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in an entire year. And yet, the trend of using private planes has been increasing rapidly. A Reuters report last week, quoting a Greenpeace study, said private flights in Europe had increased by 64 per cent in 2022, and emitted more than 5.3 million tonnes of CO2.

• “Though the airline industry’s contribution to the overall greenhouse gas emissions has been rather modest, it is still considered a big worry”-Why?

• But there have been attempts, nonetheless, to restrict emissions from aviation sector-What all attempts?

• Do You Know-In 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) put in place an offset mechanism to ensure that any increase in emissions over 2020 levels is compensated for by the airline industry through investment in carbon saving projects elsewhere. Called Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, or CORSIA, the offset plan is supposed to run from 2021 to 2035. CORSIA is considered a breakthrough, but it is not very ambitious. It only seeks to offset emissions that are over and above 2020 levels. It does not deal with total emissions.

• Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, or CORSIA-Know in detail

• What is India’s take on private jets?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍France set to ban short domestic flights to cut down on emissions, to run trains on such routes

📍For international flights: DGCA wants carriers to check carbon emissions from January 1

President in Govt contracts: SC on Art 299

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story- The Supreme Court has held that the government, when entering into a contract under the President’s name, cannot claim immunity from the legal provisions of that contract under Article 299 of the Constitution, in a recent case. A Bench led by Chief Justice of India (CJI) DY Chandrachud said, “Having considered the purpose and object of Article 299, we are of the clear opinion that a contract entered into in the name of the President of India, cannot and will not create an immunity against the application of any statutory prescription imposing conditions on parties to an agreement, when the Government chooses to enter into a contract”.

• What is Article 299 of the Constitution?

• What is the contractual liability in government contracts?

• What was the case?

• What did the court hold?

• What are the requirements for government or state contracts?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍ExplainSpeaking: Indian economy after 9 years of Modi govt

What is a Foucault’s Pendulum, installed at the new Parliament building

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: General Studies I: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story- Suspended from the ceiling of the Central Foyer of India’s new Parliament building, inaugurated on Sunday (May 29), is a Foucault pendulum that all but touches the floor as it rotates on its axis. The pendulum hangs from a skylight at the top of the Constitution Hall, and signifies the “integration of the idea of India with the idea of the cosmos”. Created by the National Council of Science Museum (NCSM) in Kolkata, the pendulum is being dubbed as the largest such piece in India, 22 metre in height, and weighing a staggering 36 kg.

• What is a Foucault’s pendulum?

• How was the pendulum made for the Parliament?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍The latest address for India’s new Parliament House

THE WORLD

China launches new spaceship with its first civilian on board

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story- China launched a spacecraft carrying three astronauts, including its first civilian, to its Tiangong space station on Tuesday (May 30). This is the country’s fifth manned mission to a fully functional space station since 2021. According to state media, the spacecraft, the Shenzhou-16, was launched atop a Long March-2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in the Gobi Desert in northwest China at 9:31 am.

• Who are the three astronauts going to the Tiangong space station?

• What is the new mission about?

• What is the Tiangong space station?

• What is the Shenzhou 15?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍China launches Shenzhou-16 mission to Chinese space station – state media

ECONOMY

Alternative to UPI, NEFT, RTGS: What is RBI’s ‘lightweight’ payments system?

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has conceptualised a lightweight payment and settlements system, which it is calling a “bunker” equivalent of digital payments, which can be operated from anywhere by a bare minimum staff in exigencies such as natural calamities or war. The infrastructure for this system will be independent of the technologies that underlie the existing systems of payments such as UPI, NEFT, and RTGS. The central bank has not offered a timeline for the launch of this payments system yet.

• Why is such a lightweight payments system needed?

• How will the lightweight system be different from UPI?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍RBI’s balance sheet grows 2.5% to Rs 63.45 lakh crore in FY23

For any queries and feedback, contact priya.shukla@indianexpress.com

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