India is Asia8217;s weakest link in QE-driven rout

Other markets are falling,albeit to a smaller extent,due to a reversal in flows received since 2008 when the Federal Reserve embarked on the first of its series of stimulus programmes. Stock and bond markets in Thailand,Indonesia and Philippines have suffered massive outflows of funds.

8220;There was a lot of hot money in Thailand,Indonesia and the Philippines and these remain the most vulnerable as long as the contagion persists,8221; said Tim Condon,Asia economist at ING,based in Singapore.

8220;If one domino were to fall,I would be looking at India because of the current account deficit.8221;

Condon thinks the odds of a wider contagion descending into a regional crisis,like in 2007 or in 1997,are extremely low.

Circumstances are vastly different. Growth in most of Asia is strong. Debt levels are high,fostered by the availability of cheap money in the past four years,but it isn8217;t the kind of short-term fickle debt that led to the 1997 Asian crisis.

Most economists are therefore unperturbed by what they see as investor reactions to a re-pricing of risk-free U.S. bond yields,through a rebalancing of global portfolios.

Still,countries which have relied on foreign money to finance their import bills and interest payments stand out as vulnerable. That list is topped by India and Indonesia,and to a smaller extent Vietnam and Sri Lanka.

INDIA AND INDONESIA

In the financial year that ended in March 2013,India8217;s current account,which includes the balance of its trade and interest payments,had a deficit of 95 billion or more than 4 percent of economic output,according to estimates by Citi economist Rohini Malkani. Capital inflows were a net 92.6 billion,helping meeting that shortfall in the current account,as in recent years.

But India8217;s troubles start now. With the rupee down 8 percent since May,short-term external debt of 92 billion,and foreign reserves of 258 billion that barely cover six months of imports,the country desperately needs to retain foreign investment and avert a balance-of-payments crisis.

UBS analysts estimate India has been the biggest recipient of equity flows in emerging markets,receiving 67 billion in inflows since January 2010 compared with 63 billion in the 10 years before that. India8217;s stock market doubled in value between 2009 and 2012 even as the pace of economic growth slowed.

Economists believe improving growth prospects in Japan and the United States will provide buffers.

8220;It is hard to paint a picture of a crisis in emerging markets with strengthening U.S. and Japanese growth,8221; Condon said. 8220;I just don8217;t think that8217;s a good baseline scenario.8221;

While emerging European economies such as Hungary and Croatia have massive levels of foreign debt and therefore will find it increasingly difficult to service this debt with a weakening domestic currency,countries in Asia such as South Korea,Thailand and the Philippines with foreign currency debt around 30 percent of GDP are also likely to feel some pressure.

Indonesia is more vulnerable,given how heavily foreigners are invested in its high-yielding bond markets. Foreigners have more than 31 billion invested in rupiah bonds,holding about 34 percent of the outstanding bonds.

Juxtapose that against a current account deficit of 24 billion,foreign currency reserves of about 105 billion and short-term debt nearly half the level of those reserves,and the picture is far from benign.

Belying fears about how quickly those reserves could be spent in defending the currency,Indonesia8217;s central bank opted for a classic defence option this week. It raised policy rates,presumably to enhance the appeal of rupiah bonds.

NO CRISIS

Plenty of foreign money is also parked with Asian corporates that had taken advantage of low yields in euros,yen and dollars to borrow massive amounts of debt. Total debt issuance in 2012 was a record 133.8 billion,and another 88.4 billion has been raised so far this year.

As U.S. yields rise 8212; 10-year Treasury yields have risen 55 basis points since early May 8212; those holding bonds with yields pegged to U.S. Treasuries are bound to get twitchy.

For now though,no one8217;s talking of a crisis,not with emerging markets still sitting on a fat pile of foreign currency reserves. That hoard includes China8217;s 3.4 trillion,Hong Kong8217;s 304 billion and Singapore8217;s 258 billion.

Even measured as a proportion of short-term debt or money supply,reserves are plentiful,barring exceptions such as Indonesia.

According to ANZ,China8217;s reserves can pay for 22 months of imports,Taiwan8217;s covers 18 months,the Philippines has enough to cover 16 months and Thailand about 9 months.

Currency reserves cover 10 times Philippine short-term debt and 4.5 times Malaysia8217;s. They also measure up to 65 percent of money supply in Singapore and 67 percent of that in the Philippines,which would imply lower odds of money market stress as investment leaves these countries.

8220;We are not looking for a balance of payments crisis in mainstream emerging markets over the next two years,8221; UBS strategist Bhanu Baweja said in a note.

Such a crisis would typically be driven by excess short term external liabilities,which emerging markets didn8217;t currently have. And total debt levels were significantly lower than 10 years back,especially relative to FX reserves,he wrote.

8220;There is a lot of wood to chop between where we are now and balance of payments crisis,8221; Baweja said.