For slums,phase 2

The real good news is the reported improvement in living conditions in both notified and non-notified slums. Slums are characterised by certain undesirable living conditions,such as inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities,overcrowding and improperly constructed tenements. Now,however,a majority of slum houses are pucca structures,and 71 per cent of all slum households have access to drinking water. These households are also largely electrified,and some two-thirds have pucca thoroughfare roads. A too-high proportion of slum households still has no latrines 31 per cent,drainage 31 per cent or garbage disposal facilities 27 per cent,but these percentages,too,are lower than in the past. Unsurprisingly,notified slums areas notified as slums by the concerned municipalities,corporations,local bodies or development authorities generally report better conditions than their non-notified counterparts. But the broad upgradation of basic physical infrastructure in slums could be seen as an indicator of their increased capacity to make demands on the state,or at least of the states ability to deliver on welfare schemes targeted at the urban poor.

As Census 2011 data released in March earlier this year showed,slum residents are also aspirational Indians. Many of the 8.8 million households in slums have moved up the consumption ladder there is near-parity among slum and non-slum households in terms of possession of mobile phones and other consumer durables. Access to education and healthcare is the obvious next step to ensure better outcomes for their children. Its time for phase two.

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