Many Indians deported from the US chose the ‘dunki’ route via Europe. Here’s why

What is the new European ‘dunki’ route?

Generally, Indians lacking valid documents attempt to enter the US through South American countries like Brazil, Ecuador, or Colombia, to enter Central America (countries like Panama and Guatemala). This is because securing a direct visa to Mexico can be difficult and there is a heightened threat of arrest from local authorities.

From Central America, they reach Mexico and attempt to cross the border. But many are now first going to countries like the UK, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Turkey, and then heading to Central America on transit or visitor visas.

The European route has become popular as it offers a quicker, less treacherous alternative than the one that takes people through the Panama jungle. Migrants can cover most of their journey by air, and the remaining stretch — between Nicaragua and El Salvador on foot or cars — is much safer and less strenuous. This has made the European route more appealing for those seeking a safer and faster path to the US.

How do they enter Europe?

Migrants secure Schengen visitor visas, which allow them to travel to multiple European countries. It is generally easy to procure a visitor visa for Schengen countries, but after this episode, the applications may be subjected to further scrutiny.

Once in Europe, they have enough time to plan their journey. Student visas are also being used to gain valid entry to the UK.

Many seek assistance from “agents” in securing connecting flights from Europe to Central America or booking flights after a few days’ stay in Europe. Routes through the Middle East — via Dubai, Qatar, or Turkey — are also used to reach Mexico directly. “In every country, the officials are aware that people are going to the US illegally, but nobody cares. They charge a certain amount and let the aspirants continue their journey. Everything is set there,” said one agent.

Is the European route cheaper?

The costs for both the European and Panama routes are similar. The route of choice is based on what an agent decides, depending on their networks with local agents in Europe or Panama.

Agents claim that obtaining a European visa and booking flights between multiple countries is costly. As a result, the migrants end up paying a significant amount for the journey. On average, they are spending between Rs. 40-60 lakh per person, which is several times higher than the actual cost of the trip (including accommodation, visas, tickets, etc.), according to one agent.

With the belief that immigrating to the US would solve their financial problems, and the promise of high earnings once they reach the US, migrants opting for dunki routes are often desperate to make the journey. They trust agents who promise a relatively safer and quicker route, and are willing to pay the high fees. Accordingly, agents also charge hefty fees.