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From His Delhi Diary

Architect Gordon Sanderson’s sketches of the Capital showcase the British intent of making a visual connect between Mughal reign and their regime.

Curator Deborah Sutton

It is a forgotten relic placed in a corner of the massive Qutub Complex in Delhi. Cast in white marble, “Sanderson’s Sundial” is rather ignored. Somewhat like the man it is dedicated to — Gordon Sanderson. Superintending Archaeologist of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), he was distinct from other officers in his endeavour to involve local craftspeople in the building of modern India. “He lobbied the British government to choose an Indian style for the new Capital and argued that Indian master-builders could teach more of the true art of building than could be learnt from all the text books of Europe,” says Deborah Sutton. Professor at the Department of History, Lancaster University, she has put together archival sketches borrowed from Sanderson’s family based in Edinburgh, with material sourced from National Archives of India and the Archaeological Survey of India. Her exhibition showcases Sanderson’s documents and sketches during his stint in India from 1911 to 1915. The exhibition, held in Delhi, has original sketches in pen and ink. “The shading puts emphasis on particular areas, there is an interplay of lines, this can’t happen in photographs,” says Sutton, glancing at the drawing of the Pearl Mosque at the Red Fort. Placed alongside are more familiar sites, from the Golden Temple in Amritsar to the citadel of Tughlaqabad and the Qutub Minar.

A 1913 diagram has markings of “the city of Delhi” from Shahjahanabad and Jahanpanah to Firozabad, which was under Sanderson’s jurisdiction. He was to oversee the conservation of monuments from the Old City to the Qutub complex around which the neo-Classical architecture of the new imperial capital would be built. His suggestions might have been ignored by the imperial rulers but he was vocal with his views nevertheless.

Particularly interesting are satirical sketches published in 1913 in The Pioneer, lampooning the incompetence of the Public Works Department — there is smoke billowing from the chimney atop the Qutub Minar; an adaptation of Jodhpur Fort as the residence for a senior official; and the Great Tope of Sanchi as a venue for theatre.

vandana.kalra@expressindia.com

Curated For You

Vandana Kalra is an art critic and Deputy Associate Editor with The Indian Express. She has spent more than two decades chronicling arts, culture and everyday life, with modern and contemporary art at the heart of her practice. With a sustained engagement in the arts and a deep understanding of India’s cultural ecosystem, she is regarded as a distinctive and authoritative voice in contemporary art journalism in India. Vandana Kalra's career has unfolded in step with the shifting contours of India’s cultural landscape, from the rise of the Indian art market to the growing prominence of global biennales and fairs. Closely tracking its ebbs and surges, she reports from studios, galleries, museums and exhibition spaces and has covered major Indian and international art fairs, museum exhibitions and biennales, including the Venice Biennale, Kochi-Muziris Biennale, Documenta, Islamic Arts Biennale. She has also been invited to cover landmark moments in modern Indian art, including SH Raza’s exhibition at the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the opening of the MF Husain Museum in Doha, reflecting her long engagement with the legacies of India’s modern masters. Alongside her writing, she applies a keen editorial sensibility, shaping and editing art and cultural coverage into informed, cohesive narratives. Through incisive features, interviews and critical reviews, she brings clarity to complex artistic conversations, foregrounding questions of process, patronage, craft, identity and cultural memory. The Global Art Circuit: She provides extensive coverage of major events like the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, Serendipity Arts Festival, and high-profile international auctions. Artist Spotlights: She writes in-depth features on modern masters (like M.F. Husain) and contemporary performance artists (like Marina Abramović). Art and Labor: A recurring theme in her writing is how art reflects the lives of the marginalized, including migrants, farmers, and labourers. Recent Notable Articles (Late 2025) Her recent portfolio is dominated by the coverage of the 2025 art season in India: 1. Kochi-Muziris Biennale & Serendipity Arts Festival "At Serendipity Arts Festival, a 'Shark Tank' of sorts for art and crafts startups" (Dec 20, 2025): On how a new incubator is helping artisans pitch products to investors. "Artist Birender Yadav's work gives voice to the migrant self" (Dec 17, 2025): A profile of an artist whose decade-long practice focuses on brick kiln workers. "At Kochi-Muziris Biennale, a farmer’s son from Patiala uses his art to draw attention to Delhi’s polluted air" (Dec 16, 2025). "Kochi Biennale showstopper Marina Abramović, a pioneer in performance art" (Dec 7, 2025): An interview with the world-renowned artist on the power of reinvention. 2. M.F. Husain & Modernism "Inside the new MF Husain Museum in Qatar" (Nov 29, 2025): A three-part series on the opening of Lawh Wa Qalam in Doha, exploring how a 2008 sketch became the architectural core of the museum. "Doha opens Lawh Wa Qalam: Celebrating the modernist's global legacy" (Nov 29, 2025). 3. Art Market & Records "Frida Kahlo sets record for the most expensive work by a female artist" (Nov 21, 2025): On Kahlo's canvas The Dream (The Bed) selling for $54.7 million. "All you need to know about Klimt’s canvas that is now the most expensive modern artwork" (Nov 19, 2025). "What’s special about a $12.1 million gold toilet?" (Nov 19, 2025): A quirky look at a flushable 18-karat gold artwork. 4. Art Education & History "Art as play: How process-driven activities are changing the way children learn art in India" (Nov 23, 2025). "A glimpse of Goa's layered history at Serendipity Arts Festival" (Dec 9, 2025): Exploring historical landmarks as venues for contemporary art. Signature Beats Vandana is known for her investigative approach to the art economy, having recently written about "Who funds the Kochi-Muziris Biennale?" (Dec 11, 2025), detailing the role of "Platinum Benefactors." She also explores the spiritual and geometric aspects of art, as seen in her retrospective on artist Akkitham Narayanan and the history of the Cholamandal Artists' Village (Nov 22, 2025). ... Read More

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