Important topics and their relevance in UPSC CSE exam for May 15, 2023. If you missed the May 12, 2023 UPSC key from the Indian Express, read it here FRONT PAGE PM-led panel picks Karnataka DGP Sood as next CBI Director Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc. Mains Examination: General Studies II: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies. Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story- The high-powered selection committee headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has appointed Karnataka DGP Praveen Sood as Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for a period of two years. He will take charge from Subodh Kumar Jaiswal, who completes his tenure on May 25. Sood’s appointment was announced in an order issued by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions on Sunday, a day after the Congress emerged the winner in the Karnataka Assembly elections. • Who is Praveen Sood? • How Director of CBI is Appointed? • Who appoints the CBI director? • For Your Information-The panel that selects the CBI chief consists of the Prime Minister, the Leader of Opposition and Chief Justice of India. The process of appointment was established by the Supreme Court’s Vineet Narain judgement (1997), and the changes made to The Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946 by The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. • Recently, the Supreme Court on March 2 gave a order in the selection of the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners-can you recall what was all about? • Do You Know-The Supreme Court on March 2 gave a say to the Opposition in the selection of the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners, ruling that these officials would be appointed by the President based on the recommendation of a committee comprising the Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, and Chief Justice of India (CJI). Similar high-power panels already pick the CBI Director, Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) and Vigilance Commissioners, NHRC chairperson, Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and Information Commissioners, Chairperson and members of Lokpal. The choices have almost always been dictated by the government, ignoring Opposition objections. • Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)-Organisation, Role and Functions • What Santhanam Committee said on Prevention of Corruption? • What is Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946? • The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) draws its power from which act/statute? • Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) and Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)-Connect the dots • Is CBI constitutional or non-constitutional or statutory body? • ‘From the “caged parrot” to a “jamai” (son-in-law) trinity (the other two being Income Tax and Enforcement Directorate), the Central Bureau of Investigation, the country’s premier anti-corruption agency, has acquired many an epithet for its reputation of acting at the behest of who pulls its political strings at the Centre’-Analyse role of CBI • Issues and Challenges associated with CBI-Brainstorm • According to former Chief Justice of India (CJI) N V Ramana “CBI had gone from being the people’s most trusted to the subject of deep public scrutiny”-discuss the transition of CBI • However, citizens continue to believe in CBI, as citizens frequently request CBI investigations. What are your thoughts when the word “CBI” comes to your mind? • What was the landmark 1997 Vineet Narain judgment of the Supreme Court (Vineet Narain & Others vs Union Of India & Anr)? • The tenure of the CBI Director at two years is fixed-True or false? • SC’s Famed ‘Caged Parrot’ Remark-why CBI was remarked as ‘Caged Parrot’? • CBI-a credible institution or Still a Caged Parrot? Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍The CBI’s uneasy history 📍With Supreme Court order on EC appointments, a history of futile Opp dissent on picks for top posts 📍Who is Praveen Sood, the new CBI Director appointed by a PM Modi-led panel? As Govt pushes ONDC as e-com’s UPI equivalent, industry not sure Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance. Mains Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story- A mixed messaging by the Centre directing e-commerce companies and food delivery players to join its digital commerce network has left the industry perplexed. Some players like Flipkart and Zomato are trying to set up step down subsidiaries to join the government-backed Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), but some other big ones such as Amazon and Swiggy have chosen to stay away so far. • What is step down subsidiaries? • What is the Open Network for Digital Commerce? • Do You Know- Open Network for Digital Commerce an initiative aimed at promoting open networks for all aspects of exchange of goods and services over digital or electronic networks. ONDC is to be based on open-sourced methodology, using open specifications and open network protocols independent of any specific platform. It is being developed as a counter to the current duopoly in the Indian e-commerce market which is largely dictated by Amazon and Walmart-owned Flipkart. In May 2022, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) went live with a test run of ONDC in cities like Delhi-NCR, Bengaluru, Coimbatore, Bhopal, and Shillong where it plans to onboard 150 sellers. • Why Centre directed e-commerce companies and food delivery players to join its digital commerce network? • Why ONDC which is registered as a Section 8 not-for-profit company with many financial institutions as stakeholders, have been hailed as the ‘UPI-moment’ of e-commerce? • What is the rationality behind Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)? • For Your Information-According to the Centre, ONDC is an initiative of the ministry to help small retailers expand their business and reduce the dominance of e-commerce giants. It aims to build an open, interoperable network on which buyers and sellers can transact without needing to be present on the same platform. It offers small retailers an opportunity to provide their services, and goods to buyers across the country through an e-commerce system, where buyers will be able to purchase the products, which are sold on any platform. • “Like UPI democratised payment systems, ONDC will democratise benefits of e-commerce”-Examine Open Network for Digital Commerce • What processes could be open-sourced with this project? • Where is ONDC live, and which companies are involved? • How does this work? • For Your Information- The ONDC platform lies in the middle of the interfaces hosting the buyers and the sellers. So far, the buyer side interface is being hosted by Paytm, whereas the seller side interface is being hosted by other players like GoFrugal, etc. When a buyer searches for an item on the Paytm app, for where ONDC has gone live, the app will connect to the ONDC platform, which will connect it to seller side interfaces that will list all the sellers that have listed that particular item. On the ONDC, there will be several other backend partners such as logistics service providers, enterprise resource planners, e-commerce store hosting service providers, etc. • Who is behind this project? • Open Network for Digital Commerce What does making something open-source mean? • Open Network for Digital Commerce-Know its advantage and disadvantage Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍Explained: Why ONDC push could boost small retailers online 📍Explained: Govt’s Open Network for Digital Commerce, and what Microsoft joining it means THE CITY Gateway to the past: Khooni Darwaza is a key witness to the Revolt of 1857 Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: History of India and Indian National Movement. Mains Examination: • General Studies I: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. • General Studies I: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present significant events, personalities, issues. Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story- From witnessing the events of the 1857 Revolt, sharing a neighbourhood with the Maulana Azad Medical College to bearing the history of executions, the Khooni Darwaza is a key piece of the country’s history. Situated near the Delhi Gate, Khooni Darwaza is a gate built during the reign of Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century. The gate gets its name from the killings that took place there during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. • Khooni Darwaza-know its architecture • Khooni Darwaza is made of which materials? • For Your Information-The architecture of Khooni Darwaza is a blend of Mughal and Afghan styles. The gate is made of quartzite stone and is three-storeyed. It has three arched entrances, with the central one being the largest. The upper stories of the gate have balconies with jharokhas that provide a view of the surrounding area. It is around 50 feet in height and has different levels, which can be accessed by three different staircases. The gate has a large courtyard in front, which historians believed was used as a public gathering space in the past. The courtyard is surrounded by a high wall, and there are several chambers and rooms inside the gate. “Within the boundaries of the Old Fort, Sher Shah built the Quila Khuna Masjid, a gem of an example of Afghan architecture, which was repaired by Lord Curzon during his viceroyship. Sher Shah’s architecture technique is said to have been followed by Akbar when he constructed several buildings of the same style in Agra” wrote Ronald Vivian Smith in his book Delhi: Unknown Tales of a City. Smith further wrote: “Lal Darwaza, damaged by rains, was one of the gates built by Sher Shah in his new city of Delhi, besides the Kabuli Darwaza, which probably got its name because of the caravans which would pass it on their way to Kabul.” • Why the Lal Darwaza is now called as Khooni Darwaza? • Do You Know-The Lal Darwaza is now called Khooni Darwaza and is said to have got its name after Bahadur Shah Zafar’s sons and grandson were shot dead there by Lt. Hodson in 1857 when British forces had recaptured Delhi and the Last Emperor had taken refuge in Humayun’s Tomb. “Two sons of Bahadur Shah Zafar and a grandson were shot and killed by Lt Hodson. After 1857, when the rebellion was crushed, Bahadur Shah Zafar and his family had taken refuge in Humayun’s Tomb, the plan was that when things cool down they will travel from there to Allahabad by boat and from there they will go to Nepal where all rebel leaders had to meet. The only people who reached there were his cousin and his mother; all others were arrested on the way. Zafar and his family were betrayed and they were made to surrender,” said writer Sohail Hashmi. “Bahadur Shah Zafar and his wife were taken away separately and his two sons and a grandson were dressed up as common peasants and were made to ride a bullock cart, As they were being taken to the old city of Shahjahanabad, a large number of people gathered,” he added. There are other stories about Khooni Darwaza’s nomenclature. One of them is of criminals who would be hanged to death there and another is related to the capture and execution of Dara Shikoh by Aurangzeb, his younger brother. During the Independence, the Khooni Darwaza saw a lot of bloodshed. It is here where thousands of refugees were mercilessly killed while they were on their way to safety in Purana Qila. • 1857 Revolt-Background • Difference between the Revolt of 1857 from the earlier uprisings • Nature of Revolt and Protest before 1857 • Significance of Revolts before 1857 and its impact on 1857 Revolt • Regions/People affected by the Revolt of 1857 • Causes of the Revolt-Economic Causes, Political Causes, Administrative Causes and Socio-Religious Causes • Immediate Causes of the Revolt-Discontent among Sepoys and other reasons • Prominent Leaders of the Revolts-General Bakht Khan, Nana Saheb, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Khan Bahadur, Kunwar Singh, Maulvi Ahmadullah of Faizabad and Rani Laxmibai • Suppression of the 1857 Revolt-Role of Zamindars and Princely States • Reasons for the failure of 1857 Revolt-Brainstorm • Changes Introduced after the Revolt-Administration, Military and Socio-religious Consequences • Significance of the 1857 Revolt Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍Delhi: Five spots linked to the freedom struggle you must know about 📍How Delhi was destroyed and rebuilt after the revolt of 1857 Previous Year Prelims Questions covering Same/Similar Theme: 📍 With reference to the cultural history of India, consider the following statements: (UPSC Prelims GS1, 2018) 1. White marble was used in making Buland Darwaza and Khankah at Fatehpur Sikri 2. Red sandstone and marble were used in making Bara Imambara and Rumi Darwaza at Lucknow Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Previous Year Mains Questions covering Same/Similar Theme: 📍The Revolt of 1857 was the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. (UPSC Mains GS1, 2019) 📍Explain how the Uprising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the evolution of British policies towards colonial India. (UPSC Mains GS1, 2016) EXPRESS NETWORK Drugs worth Rs 25K cr came from Pak cartel: officials Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance Mains Examination: • General Studies II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. • General Studies III: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security. Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story-In one of the biggest drug seizures in recent times, the Narcotic Control Bureau (NCB) and the Indian Navy have seized 2,500 kg “high-purity methamphetamine”, estimated to be worth Rs 12,000 crore in the illegal drugs market, from Indian waters and detained a suspected Pakistani national, according to a release issued by NCB on Saturday. According to the NCB, the methamphetamine seized was sourced from the “Death Crescent”, comprising Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. This was the first time that an Indian agency intercepted a “mother ship” carrying drugs, the agency stated. • What is Methamphetamine? • How Methamphetamine affects the central nervous system? • What is `Operation Samudragupt’? • ‘Traditionally India has been seen as sandwiched between the Death (Golden) Crescent and Death (Golden) Triangle’-Discuss • Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle regions-what are they? • Map work-‘Golden Crescent’ and ‘Golden Triangle’ • Global drug Trade and Impact on India-Know in detail • What is heroin and methamphetamine and how they works in Human Body? • How the NDPS Act defines Drugs? • The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 and Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 • Essential Narcotic Drugs (ENDs) • Narcotics Control Bureau- Role and mandate • What is Cannabis or Marijuana? • What is the main psychoactive component of Charas and Ganja? • What is Tetrahydrocannabinol and how it works in Human Body? • In India, how does the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 define cannabis, Charas and Ganja? • United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and India-Know in detail Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍2,500 kg drugs worth Rs 12,000 cr seized, Pak national detained: NCB 📍The terrorist-drug nexus: Why drug trafficking is a serious security issue THE IDEAS PAGE Weather-proofing food security Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc. Main Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment. Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story-Ashok Gulati writes: There is a degree of comfort in the corridors of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the consumer price index (CPI) inflation figure for April 2023 slid to 4.7 per cent, and food price inflation has fallen to even lower, 3.84 per cent. • What is the Consumer Price Index for inflation? • How does the consumer price index CPI measure inflation? • On what consumer price index CPI inflation in India is measured? • What do you understand by Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and Consumer Price Index? WPI and CPI is published by whom? • “RBI governor Shaktikanta Das is hopeful that the overall GDP growth in FY24 will be between 6 to 6.5 per cent. It will not only be commendable if the RBI is able to keep the overall inflation below 5 per cent and GDP growth above 6 per cent for the year as a whole but also be something to cheer about”-How RBI and Central Government can achieve the twin objective of managing inflation with high growth? • The food and beverages component in the Indian CPI has a weightage of 45.86 per cent, the highest amongst G20 countries. Managing this component to around 4 per cent is critical to taming overall inflation. Interestingly, this component of inflation cannot be managed only through monetary policy, nor even by fiscal policy-why? • “The brewing El Nino is a looming danger and it’s feared that it could cause below normal rainfall, even a drought. Remember that all droughts since 1947 have been El Nino years, but all El Nino years are not necessarily drought years”-Know how El Nino impacts Indian Economy? • “The bottom line is that we need to focus on cereal and milk inflation, both of which have high weights in CPI”-Discuss • What is Inflation? • Know the Types of Inflation like Moderate Inflation, Galloping Inflation, Hyper-Inflation, Stagflation, Deflation, Core Inflation etc. • What are the causes of Inflation in the present situation • How Inflation is Measured in India? • What is the Long term, Medium Term and Short-term impact of Inflation? • New Standard for Measuring Inflation in India and Old Standard for Measuring Inflation-Key Differences • Steps or Measures Taken by GOI to Control Inflation • What is the Monetary Policy Committee? • The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a Statutory Body-True or False? • What is the Primary Objective of monetary policy in India? • There are several direct and indirect instruments that are used for implementing monetary policy-What are they? • What is REPO rate? • What is Current Repo Rate? • What’s the RBI assessment on inflation? Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍India’s retail inflation eases to 18-month low of 4.7% in April THE WORLD Early trends in Turkey elections indicate President Erdogan leading Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance. Mains Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story-In the 100th year of its republic and the 20th year of its strongman Recep Tayyip Erdogan being in power, Turkey will go to polls this Sunday (May 14). Elections in this country, located in both Europe and Asia, are being watched across the world, because who governs Turkey has wider geopolitical ramifications, and because Erdogan for the first time looks vincible. Opinion polls have given the Opposition camp a slight lead over the President. Yet, Erdogan the season campaigner, with the might of the state’s resources and the media behind him, cannot be written off. • What is the election in Turkey for? • Map Work-Turkey • What are the main issues in the election? • For Your Information-The elections are being seen as a referendum on two crucial aspects of Erdogan’s rule — his handling of the economy, and his steering away of the modern Turkish state from its secular, democratic foundations. Turkey’s economy is in trouble. Inflation is around 50%, down from the high of 85% in 2022. The currency, lira, has shed 80% of its value in the past five years. The recent devastating earthquake has worsened matters. Part of the inflation troubles have to do with Erdogan refusing to raise interest rates on loans, and the country’s central bank not standing up to him. And while Erdogan’s image of a strong leader in full control has helped him, it now concentrates responsibility on him for his government’s perceived delay in earthquake relief, and for the flouting of construction rules that exacerbated the earthquake damage. On the second major issue, of Turkey’s slide into authoritarianism, opinion remains sharply divided. Erdogan says those who cry democracy is dying are an elite minority who worship the West, while he wants to take Turkey and patriotic Turks to greater heights. His loyal constituency of rural, middle-class Muslims have so far agreed. However, discontent against his grandstanding, divisive, and incendiary rhetoric seems to be growing. • Why are Turkey’s elections so important? • Do You Know-Turkey matters to the world, thanks both to its location and its status as a significant economic and military power. Turkey shares a border with Syria and Iran, is separated from Russia and Ukraine by the Black Sea, and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. It controls the Bosphorus strait, which is the only passage for Russia and Ukraine, among other countries, to access the Mediterranean Sea and thus most of the world through water. Turkey has territories in both Asia and Europe, making it unique. It is a NATO member with a standing Army second only to America’s, but Erdogan is pally with Russian President Vladimir Putin. For the West, Turkey is a bulwark between itself and the chaos in the Middle East — absorbing refugees and serving as military base when needed — as well as an ally on account of being a stable democracy in an unstable region. • How does Turkey matter for India? Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍Turkey’s elections: issues, candidates and why they matter EXPLAINED STORM SHADOW MISSILE Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance. Mains Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story-The United Kingdom will provide long-range Storm Shadow cruise missiles to Ukraine, which it has been requesting in a bid to push back invading Russian forces, British Defense Secretary Ben Wallace told Parliament on Thursday (May 12). The weaponry is the latest addition to the long list of military aid given to Kyiv by its Western allies. Ukraine has so far received a wide variety of weapons and ammunition, including anti-tank missiles, anti-aircraft systems and artillery, since Russia invaded it in February 2022. • What are the capabilities of long-range Storm Shadow cruise missiles? • Do You Know-Storm Shadow is a long-ranged, air-launched, conventionally armed, deep-strike missile, which is manufactured by the France-based MBDA Missile Systems. It was first produced after the “UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) placed a €1.13bn contract with MBDA Systems for the development and production of the Storm Shadow long-range missile in 1997.,” Airforce Technology said in its report. The same year, France also commissioned MBDA to develop and manufacture Storm Shadow for its forces. The demand for the missile quickly rose as in the following years other countries like Italy and Greece placed orders for the missile. With a range of more than 250 km, Storm Shadow weighs 1,300 kg and is 5.10m long. It’s capable of being operated day and night in all weathers and designed to destroy high-valued stationary targets such as airbases, radar installations, communications hubs and port facilities. The report by Airforce Technology mentioned that what makes this missile a stealthy weapon is the combination of its long-range, low altitude and supersonic speed. Storm Shadow, equipped with the fire and forget technology, also offers high precision deep strike capability as it features a sophisticated navigation system that includes inertial navigation (INS), global positioning system (GPS) and terrain reference navigation for better control over the path. The missile features the BROACH (Bomb Royal Ordnance Augmented CHarge) warhead — a high-technology warhead, which first cuts the surface of the target, penetrates into it and then explodes. • Where has it been used? • How could Storm Shadow help Ukraine fight Russia? Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍How the latest US aid makes Ukraine stronger Heritage tag demand for small Odisha station Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: History of India Mains Examination: General Studies I: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story- The Indian Railways has taken up the renovation of the historic Paralakhemundi railway station, one of India’s oldest and the first in Odisha’s Gajapati district. However, there are concerns that the 124-year-old station might be demolished to pave way for new structures. Experts have raised red flags and sought heritage status for the structure. We tell the story of the railway station and the historic railway line that passed through it. • What is the historical significance of the Parlakhemundi railway station? • Do You Know-Naupada (a small town, now in Andhra Pradesh) got rail lines in 1894, as part of construction of Cuttack-Khurda Road railway line extending up to Vijayawada. The then Maharaja of Parlakimedi (now Paralakhemundi) Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II conceived of an idea to connect his capital with this mainline in an effort to strengthen his communication network. After receiving nod of the British authorities in 1898, he built a 39-km rail line PLR by spending around Rs 7 lakh from the royal coffers. The 2-ft and 6 inches narrow gauge line was completed in 1899 and opened for traffic in 1900. According to Dilip Samantray’s Odisha: The Railway Story, most of the coaches and wagons for PLR trains were supplied by Arthur Koppel and Co. of Calcutta, who assembled them from the kits supplies by a Germany-based company. The locomotives were built by England-based Kerr, Stuart and Company. A wooden-bodied carriage was also built in 1899, for the specific use of the royal family of Paralakhemundi. • Where is Parlakhemundi railway station? • Why INTACH Odisha is worried about Parlakhemundi railway station? • What you know about the Eastern Ganga dynasty? • The Gajapati dynasty and the Eastern Ganga dynasty-Compare • The Eastern Ganga dynasty is most known for constructing world-famous temples and other structures. Can you identify some of them? • Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH)-Know in detail • INTACH has pioneered the conservation and protection of India’s natural and cultural heritage. Can you recall a few of their projects? • What is the role of INTACH in urban conservation? • Archaeological Survey of India and Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage-Compare and Contrast Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍As Rlys builds new station in Odisha town, INTACH raises red flag, seeks heritage tag ECONOMY Predatory pricing: TRAI to look into all tariff plans — past and present Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance. Mains Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Key Points to Ponder: • What’s the ongoing story- The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has widened its probe in the matter of predatory pricing and unlimited offers, by including all the tariff plans — past as well as present of all the operators. This will include not only their 4G plans (and 5G in some cases) but even 2G and 3G plans. Officials said that the idea is to find out whether all operators have violated the regulatory guidelines at some point of time by offering either ‘unlimited’ plans or indulged in any form of predatory pricing. “It needs to be found out when did it all start and who were the first ones to start,” officials said. This will be the first time that the regulator has started such a comprehensive probe into all past tariff plans by the operators. • What do you mean by predatory pricing? • What are the Effects of Predatory Pricing? • Why Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has widened its probe in the matter of predatory pricing and unlimited offers, by including all the tariff plans? • The draft Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022 proposed to dilute some crucial powers and responsibilities of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) on issuing new licences to service providers-Know the powers and functions of TRAI • What draft Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022 says about OTT? • Draft Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022-Know the highlights of the bill • Know about the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933, and The Telegraph Wires (Unlawful Protection) Act, 1950 • How these three acts (the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933, and The Telegraph Wires (Unlawful Protection) Act, 1950) governs the telecommunication sector in India? • Is OTTs comes under the ambit of telecom services? • The draft Bill also proposes to replace the What is Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) with the Telecommunication Development Fund (TDF)- Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) with the Telecommunication Development Fund (TDF)? • Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) with the Telecommunication Development Fund (TDF)-Compare and contrast Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍What is the draft Telecom Bill, and what changes it aims to bring For any queries and feedback, contact priya.shukla@indianexpress.com The Indian Express UPSC Hub is now on Telegram. 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