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The methodology behind Lokniti-CSDS study of Delhi polls

A representative section of 3,137 voters was interviewed across 28 constituencies and 140 polling stations.

Lokniti CSDS survey on Delhi electionsA multi-stage random sampling was used for sample selection. (Express photo/ Tashi Tobgyal)

The findings presented here are from the Delhi Assembly Election Study 2025, conducted by the Lokniti programme of the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi. The survey was conducted between January 29, 2025 to February 6, 2025. A total of 3,137 respondents were interviewed across 28 Assembly constituencies (ACs) and 140 polling stations (PSs) across Delhi’s 70 constituencies.

A multi-stage random sampling was used for sample selection. This procedure ensures that the selected sample is fully representative of the cross-section of voters in the state. The ACs where the survey was conducted were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size method (adjusting the probability of choosing a particular constituency according to the size of its electorate).

Thereafter, five polling stations were selected from within each of the sampled ACs using the systematic random sampling method. Finally, 22 respondents were interviewed from each polling station using a random walk procedure. To ensure equal representation of gender and age groups, a pre-decided quota was set, and field investigators were instructed to follow the assigned quota while conducting interviews.

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Lokniti Delhi polls Table: Survey sample

Once we identified our sample, trained field investigators were sent to the field to conduct face-to-face interviews using a pre-designed mobile app. The questionnaire for the survey was translated into Hindi.

Though the sample is relatively small, the total number of voters interviewed is representative of the social composition of Delhi (Table 1). In order to make corrections for the under- representation of any social groups, weights have been applied. Weights were also applied based on the actual results.

Sandeep Shastri is Director-Academics, NITTE Education Trust, and National Coordinator of the Lokniti Network; Sanjay Kumar is Professor and Co-director Lokniti-CSDS; and Suhas Palshikar teaches political science, is chief editor of the journal Studies in Indian Politics, and is a columnist for The Indian Express

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