Paediatric vaccinations: A guide for parents

The Significance of Timely Vaccination

Vaccination should precede the age at which a disease typically occurs. By administering vaccines, we can prepare a child’s immune system to recognise and combat specific pathogens without causing the actual disease. This preventive approach is crucial in safeguarding children against a range of diseases, some of which can have severe consequences.

The IAP Schedule, endorsed by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics, lays out a comprehensive vaccination plan for children in India. Here are the key vaccinations recommended at different stages:

1. At Birth: BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine), Hepatitis B
2. 6, 10, 14 Weeks: DTWP/DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis/acellular Pertussis), IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), Hepatitis B, Rotavirus, PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine)
3. 6 Months, 7 Months: Influenza
4. 6-9 Months: Typhoid
5. 9 Months: MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
6. 12 Months: Hepatitis A
7. 15 Months: MMR-2, Varicella-1, PCV Booster
8. 16-18 Months: DTwP/DTaP-B1, Hib-B1, IPV-B1
9. 18-19 Months: Hepatitis A-2, Varicella-2
10. 4-6 Years: DTwP/DTaP-B2, IPV-B2, MMR-3
11. 10-12 Years: TdaP (Tetanus, Diphtheria, acellular Pertussis), HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
12. Yearly Influenza Vaccine in Monsoon Season (up to 5 years)

It is important to note that the vaccination schedule may vary based on factors such as disease prevalence, the availability of safe and effective vaccines, and logistical considerations.

Special Considerations for Immunocompromised Children

For children who are immunocompromised, additional doses of certain vaccines, such as the influenza vaccine during flu epidemics, may be necessary. In times of outbreaks of life-threatening infections like Japanese encephalitis, the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine should be administered. It is essential to consult with a paediatrician for guidance tailored to the child’s specific health condition.

The Safety of Vaccinations

Vaccination, indeed, is a vital component of a child’s healthcare, as it can help prevent serious illnesses and safeguard the health of the child and the community at large. (Source: Freepik)

Vaccines are developed and approved for use in humans only after rigorous research, including animal studies and multiple phases of human trials. This stringent process ensures their safety and effectiveness. Vaccines generally have no serious side effects, but some children may experience minor side effects like fever, swelling, or pain at the injection site. These can be managed with symptomatic treatment and are far outweighed by the benefits of vaccination in preventing diseases.

Keeping Track of Vaccinations

To ensure your child’s vaccination schedule is up to date, it is important to maintain the vaccination card provided by the hospital at the time of birth. Some hospitals also offer vaccination apps that provide timely reminders, making it easier for parents to stay on top of their child’s immunisation schedule.

Pediatric vaccinations are a vital component of child healthcare. They offer protection against potentially devastating diseases and safeguard the health of our children. By following the recommended vaccination schedules, parents can ensure that their children grow up healthy and free from preventable illnesses. Always consult with your paediatrician for guidance and to address any specific concerns related to your child’s vaccinations.

(Dr Pradeep Suryawanshi is a director, neonatologist and paediatrician at Sahyadri Super Speciality Hospital, Nagar Road, Pune)