GO AHEAD. EAT THAT

In her new book,Live a Little! Breaking the Rules Won’t Break Your Health,Dr Love makes the case that perfect health is a myth and that most of us are living far more healthful lives than we realise.
Dr Love,a clinical professor of surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California,Los Angeles,says that failing to live by the various health rules is a major source of stress and guilt,particularly for women. For most of us,“pretty healthy” is healthy enough.

“Is the goal to live forever?” she said in a recent interview. “I would contend it’s not. It’s really to live as long as you can with the best quality of life you can. The problem was all of these women I kept meeting who were scared to death that if they didn’t eat a cup of blueberries a day,they would drop dead.”

The book,written with Alice D. Domar,a Harvard professor and senior staff psychologist at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,explores the research and advice in six areas—sleep,stress,prevention,nutrition,exercise and relationships. In all six,they write,the biggest risks are on the extremes,and the middle ground is bigger than we think.
“Everything is a U-shaped curve,” Dr Love said. “There may be times in your life when you’ve gotten too much of this or too little of that,but being in the middle is better,and most of us are probably there already.”

Take the issue of sleep. Most people believe that it’s best to get at least eight hours a day. But the studies on which this belief is based look at how much men and women sleep under ideal conditions—silence,darkness and no responsibilities other than taking part in a sleep study. These studies tell us how much people will sleep when they have nothing else to do,but they don’t tell us anything about how much sleep we really need on a daily basis or what will happen if we get less.

A 2002 report in Archives of General Psychiatry tried to address those issues by comparing sleep habits and mortality risk. The study found that people who slept seven hours a night were the least likely to die during the six-year study period. Sleeping more than seven hours or less than five increased mortality risk. It wasn’t clear from the study whether more or less sleep increased risk or whether an underlying health problem was affecting sleep habits,but the findings did call the old “eight hours” rule into question.

The reality is that individual sleep needs can vary. Some people need very little while others need more than the average. “The issue of sleep causes a lot of guilt in women,” Dr Love said. “We need to be more realistic. If you’re sleepy all the time,you’re not getting enough sleep for you. If you’re fine on six hours,don’t worry about it.”
Likewise,while exercise is important,many people don’t place enough value on the fitness that comes from everyday tasks like lifting and chasing children,lugging groceries and cleaning house.

And there is nothing magical about losing weight. People who are obese or underweight have higher mortality rates,but people who are overweight are just as healthy as those of normal weight—and sometimes healthier. “The goal is to be as healthy and have as good a quality of life as you can have,” Dr Love said. “It’s not to be thin.”

Health experts agree that moderation is important and that people should not panic about their health habits. Miriam E. Nelson,director of the John Hancock Research Center on Physical Activity,Nutrition and Obesity Prevention at Tufts University,said it is easier to be healthy than people think so. “There is a large part of the population that doesn’t do anything because they’ve been overwhelmed,” he said.

But Dr Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,professor of family medicine at the University of California,San Diego,cautions against interpreting a relaxed health message as an excuse to overeat or stay sedentary. “I think the problem is the slippery slope,” Dr. Barrett-Connor said. “In the process of translating this message simply to the masses,they may feel they’ve been forgiven. They shouldn’t feel like they’re sinning,but they shouldn’t feel like this is a license not to try to do better.”

—Tara Parker-Pope,NYT