As Delhi grapples with thickening fog, transportation systems are facing significant disruptions. With the airport issuing advisories and trains experiencing delays, the dense fog is proving to be a challenge for commuters and travellers alike. On Thursday morning, the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport implemented low-visibility procedures; however, flights remained on schedule. Meanwhile 18 trains were reported to be delayed. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecasted that dense fog is expected to cover Delhi during the late night and early morning hours on December 26, 27, and 28. The air quality index (AQI) in the capital city remains in the ‘very poor’ category, posing further challenges due to the dense fog. This reduced visibility also contributes to concerns about health and safety, particularly for those who must head outdoors. While the fog might be a seasonal occurrence, it poses unique challenges that require careful preparation. During these times, it’s crucial for people to take the right precautions to safeguard their health and ensure their safety. Primary health risks associated with prolonged exposure to fog Dr Jagadish Hiremath, public health intellectual, says, “Dense fog often traps pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide, turning it into a harmful cocktail of smog.” Key health risks according to Dr Hiremath are: Respiratory Issues: Prolonged exposure to foggy air can irritate the respiratory system, triggering asthma attacks or worsening chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies published in The Lancet Planetary Health have linked smog with an increased risk of bronchitis and lung infections. Cardiovascular Stress: Inhalation of fine particulate matter during fog can lead to inflammation, raising the risk of heart attacks and strokes, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions. Eye Irritation: Fog laden with pollutants can cause dryness, redness, and irritation in the eyes. Weakened Immunity: Long-term exposure may lower the body’s defense mechanisms, making individuals more susceptible to infections like the flu. Steps those heading outdoors should take to protect themselves Dr Hiremath suggests it’s essential to take several precautions. First, wear N95 or N99 masks that filter out fine particulate matter, as ordinary cloth masks offer limited protection against smog. It's also advisable to avoid outdoor activities during peak traffic hours when pollutant levels are highest, particularly in the early mornings and late evenings. Opting for public transport or carpooling can help reduce the time spent outdoors and minimise exposure to pollutants for commuters. “For those with respiratory conditions, carrying prescribed inhalers or medications is important, and using air quality monitoring apps can keep you informed about pollution levels. Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water helps keep mucous membranes moist, and including antioxidant-rich foods like fruits and vegetables in your diet can help combat oxidative stress caused by pollutants,” stresses Dr Hiremath. Wearing protective eyewear can shield your eyes from pollutants, and it’s crucial to check the Air Quality Index (AQI) before heading out - avoid outdoor activities if the AQI is in the "very unhealthy" or "hazardous" range. Safety tips to follow while driving The expert notes, “Driving in fog requires extra caution due to reduced visibility and slippery roads. To stay safe, use fog lights and low beams, as high beams reflect off the fog and worsen visibility. Maintain a safe distance from the vehicle ahead to allow for quicker reactions, and drive slowly to ensure better control.” He says avoid using hazard lights unless you're stationary, as they can confuse other drivers. “Gradual deceleration is important to prevent rear-end collisions, and follow lane markings to stay in your lane. Ensure your wipers and defoggers are working, and keep a safety kit with essentials like a flashlight and first-aid supplies in your vehicle.” DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.
