‘Olympics mei medal laane hai toh air pollution theek kariye…,’ says health expert amid rising pollution levels

So, how exactly does long-term exposure to air pollution affect lung growth, especially in children and young adults?

According to Dr K Thiruppathi, Senior Consultant, Pulmonology, SIMS Hospital, Chennai, “Having long-term exposure to air pollution can deeply impact our lungs, especially in children and young adults whose lungs are still growing. The fine particles present in polluted air can penetrate deep into the air sacs, causing inflammation. This may slow down normal lung growth and reduce overall capacity over time. In many cases, lungs do not reach their full growth size, which can affect breathing and stamina even later in life.”

But are Indian lungs really 10–15% smaller than those of Western individuals?

Dr Thiruppathi explained that several studies have shown that, on average, Indian lungs are smaller in size compared to the Western population by around 10 to 15%, which is true.

“Pollution and poor air quality are the major reasons, some of which is also linked to genetic and nutritional factors. Clean air and a balanced diet can help improve lung function. Once the growth is complete, the structural difference cannot be reversed. But with good exercise habits and a healthy environment, the lungs can work more efficiently even if their size is slightly smaller,” he added.

Representational image (Photo: Pixabay)

How do smaller lungs impact an athlete’s performance?

If the individual is an active person or involved proactively in athletics, then reduced lung capacity does play a role, the doctor elaborated. He added, “It tends to limit the oxygen levels the body can take in and deliver to the muscles. Reduced lung capacity becomes noticeable in professional athletes, as it affects both endurance and recovery. However, in people with normal, active lives, less efficient lungs do play a role, as they can cause fatigue, lower stamina than usual, and breathlessness during any physical activity.

In light of current air pollution levels, what practical steps can individuals take to protect and enhance their respiratory health?

• The pollution levels have been increasing currently, and there are some steps we can take to ensure healthy lungs:
• When the air quality is poor, it is best to reduce outdoor workouts.
• If stuck in traffic during peak hours, it is best to keep the windows closed.
• Breathing exercises, such as pranayama, should be practiced as they help strengthen the lungs.
• Antioxidant-rich foods are to be consumed, along with regular hydration.
• Individuals must avoid or decrease smoking since it can prevent long-term damage.
• Regular lung check-ups and creating awareness can go a long way in ensuring healthy lungs.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.