Opinion In DeepSeek breakthrough, lessons for India

What makes the story even more fascinating is that the Chinese company achieved this milestone under sanctions that restricted its access to advanced chips and cutting-edge hardware. This success raises a critical question: How did China achieve what others, with far more resources, have not?

The AI industry, until now, has been driven by a simple rule: Bigger is better. The belief has been that only companies with deep pockets, massive data centers, and access to the latest GPUs can create state-of-the-art AI models. Companies like OpenAI have poured billions into their models, investing in large-scale GPU clusters, vast data troves, and years of research.

This Chinese breakthrough turns that logic on its head. If high-performing AI can be built quickly and cheaply, the exclusivity of cutting-edge AI disappears. Open-sourcing the model further democratises the playing field, ensuring that anyone — startups, researchers or even small businesses — can build on this technology without needing to match the resources of tech giants. The implications are vast. Companies like Nvidia, which dominate the GPU market, and data centre operators, who are scaling infrastructure for AI, may find themselves facing difficult questions. If AI progress no longer depends on expensive infrastructure, their value in the ecosystem may decline.

Similarly, venture capital investment could pivot away from infrastructure-heavy AI ventures to smaller, leaner companies working on innovative applications.

The Chinese company’s success is a testament to the power of necessity-driven innovation. Without access to advanced GPUs or the vast computational resources available to Western labs, Chinese researchers were forced to think differently and find ways to build AI models efficiently. While the exact methods they used are not public, we can hazard some guesses. Instead of making the AI model bigger, the researchers likely focused on making it smarter.

This development will send shockwaves across the global AI landscape, and its impact will be felt keenly in countries like India. It challenges the West’s overreliance on massive infrastructure and capital, showing that innovation can thrive even in constrained environments. For emerging economies like ours, this breakthrough is a reminder that necessity often drives the best innovation.

For Western companies like OpenAI, the announcement is a wake-up call. Until now, the assumption was that scaling up — building bigger and more powerful models — was the key to staying ahead. This approach worked because the West had access to the best chips, data centers, and research talent. But if AI progress is no longer tied to brute force, those advantages may count for less.

India, in particular, can draw important lessons from this. If the next phase of AI innovation is about smart design and efficiency rather than scale, India could become a major player. Our strong base of software talent, frugal engineering mindset, and entrepreneurial ecosystem position us well to capitalise on this shift. The Chinese breakthrough is as much a geopolitical story as it is a technological one. By circumventing the need for Western hardware and capital, China has proven that sanctions can push innovation instead of stifling it. This success will likely embolden other countries facing similar restrictions, accelerating the decentralisation of AI development.

However, this openness also comes with risks. Making such a powerful model freely available raises concerns about misuse. Bad actors, from rogue states to criminal organisations, could weaponise this technology. Governments around the world, including in India, will need to work together to create frameworks for responsible AI use while balancing innovation and security.

This development represents a turning point in the AI industry. If high-quality foundational models can be built cheaply and quickly, the focus of innovation will shift. Companies will prioritise building smarter, more efficient systems rather than chasing scale. The real value in AI will come from how it is applied, customised, and integrated into real-world solutions. For India, this is an opportunity to rise. If we can embrace this new, leaner approach to AI, we could lead the way in developing applications tailored to our unique challenges, from improving agriculture to modernising healthcare. The next era of AI will not be dominated by brute force but by ingenuity — and that is a game where India can excel.

As the Chinese breakthrough shows, necessity is indeed the mother of invention. By proving that progress does not depend on massive resources, this development offers hope that AI can be a tool for everyone — not just the few with billions to spend. It’s a reminder that in the end, intelligence — whether artificial or human — is about thinking differently.

The writer is MD, India for Shield AI, an American UAV company.