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This is an archive article published on September 21, 2003

The World According to Gogol

In her debut novel of accident and happenstance, Jhumpa Lahiri revisits the themes that propelled her nine Pulitzer Prize winning short stor...

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In her debut novel of accident and happenstance, Jhumpa Lahiri revisits the themes that propelled her nine Pulitzer Prize winning short stories in Interpreter of Maladies. The episodic inquiry has given way to a gentle-paced, two-generational narrative. The dark corners left tantalising unlit in those tales have now been meticulously mapped. The abrupt folds in those narratives have been ironed out, the devotion to drama has evened out into a diarist’s preoccupation with minutiae.

In this disappointing novel of immigration and adjustment, a young man’s unease about his given names provides a peg for Lahiri to chronicle the process of balancing ancestral loyalties and new engagements. Gogol was never meant to sally forth into childhood named after a dead Russian writer. When he was born to Ashoke and Ashima Ganguli, both newly moved to Boston from Calcutta, he a graduate student at MIT, she a homesick housewife, a name had already been chosen for him. Ashima’s grandmother had herself made a rare trip out of her Bengal home to airmail the chosen name. But the letter never arrived in Boston, a sudden stroke rendered the old lady incoherent, and the little one had to be temporarily christened after Ashoke’s favourite writer.

Jhumpa Lahiri’s attempt to use the custom of ‘pet names’ and ‘good names’ to profile the transplanted Indian does not quite click

Predictably, when Gogol is given a “good name” — Nikhil, from Nikolai — he rebels, and Gogol he stays. Till he enters university and the odd shape of his name embarrasses him and the Indian resonance of Nikhil provides a comforting introduction into a more multicultural environment.

The name Gogol, however, has a longer back story. It recalls Ashoke’s brush with death during a train journey at the age of 22. A collection of Gogol’s short stories had kept him upright and awake and thus marked for survival in a brutal rail accident. This second life gave him courage to imagine life beyond India, to aspire to higher education and professorhood in an American university.

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For Ashima, the compensations are meagre. Instead, as she tends her suburban quarter-acre home, her days and years are punctuated with tidings of death from India and with preparation of Bengali delicacies to tide over pangs of nostalgia. Her heart is so resolutely oceans away that it will take three decades of an uneventful life in this seemingly strange land for her to acknowledge that equilibrium lies in dividing time between America and India.

Gogol’s passage to a semblance of equilibrium is rather different. He is more adept at adjusting to his American life than to his Indian inheritance. In fact, as he meanders through a relationship with a Waspish art editor, someone remarks that he could even be Italian. No, the American part is easy, it is the return to his family, to his roots, that is more tumultuous.

Lahiri is extremely graceful as she nurtures her characters in circumstances that are at once familiar and alien. She has enough poise and confidence to allow them to venture into terrain that may not have been part of her original map. In doing so, The Namesake becomes more than a mere immigrant’s tale. If it is the immigrant’s burden to forever strive towards an equilibrium between the inherited and the acquired, it is also a task that falls upon the rest of us as we negotiate our way through rapid social change.

It is unfortunate, then, that her central plot does not quite click. As Gogol becomes Nikhil, and then Gogol/Nikhil, Lahiri’s attempt to use the Indian custom of “pet names” and “good names” as a springboard to dive into the world of transplanted Indians is rather weak. It fails to thread an entire novel and a cluster of life stories together.

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