The country’s top financial institutions (FIs) sending notices to top defaulters, asking them to get ready to hand over their firms if old loans were not repaid, is a move that’s not just welcome, it was long overdue. Today, various corporates have taken loans worth Rs 70,000 crore from these very FIs, and have not repaid them. Apart from being a truly huge amount, it represents around a fifth of the total assets of these FIs — the huge bad loans, for instance, are solely responsible for institutions like IFCI being close to bankruptcy today. Banks having such huge bad debts have two consequences.
First, with less money at their disposal, future lending gets sharply curtailed. Second, since banks and financial institutions have to make provision for this debt never being repaid, this also adds to their expenditure — this ensures when banks lend, they have to do so only at a higher rate of interest. That, in turn, curbs fresh investment in the country.
Of course, the FIs sending out these notices, albeit under the aegis of a tough new ordinance on recoveries of dud loans, will not automatically translate into huge recoveries. In a couple of instances in the past, FIs have taken over control of firms which have consistently defaulted on loans, but this hasn’t helped them either. For, in the ultimate analysis, the job of banks and FIs is not to run plants. In order to get their money back, they need to be able to sell these plants to someone else, or close them down and then sell them. That, in an Indian scenario, where it can take upwards of a decade to close a company, is always going to be an uphill task.
Even so the law is an excellent start, as it shuts off a common avenue used by most defaulting corporates. Most declare themselves sick, and then spend the next decade or so under the protection of the BIFR — under the new law, defaulter firms are prevented from appealing to the BIFR. Now, if only the government would make serious moves on making it easier for firms to close down — this was a budget promise made by Yashwant Sinha last year. It will also free up several tens of thousands of crore which are today blocked in sick firms that have not been allowed to close down.