Mpox: How it can affect those with diabetes or other co-morbidities

What is mpox?

Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus, explained Dr Sanjay Gupta, internal medicine expert at Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Delhi. It is similar to smallpox but is generally less severe. The disease was first discovered in 1958 among monkeys kept for research, hence the name.

Mpox primarily occurs in Central and West African countries, but cases have been reported globally, particularly in people who have travelled to these regions or had contact with infected animals or humans.

Are all people with co-morbidities prone to mpox? (file)

How does mpox affect the body? How does it look different for those with co-morbidities?

Mpox symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle aches, exhaustion, and swollen lymph nodes, followed by a rash that progresses to raised bumps and fluid-filled blisters, explained Dr Gupta.

The illness typically lasts 2 to 4 weeks. Although most people recover without treatment, mpox can lead to complications, said Kanikka Malhotra, consultant dietician and diabetes educator. She explained that it can cause secondary infections, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, and, in some cases, death, especially in people with co-morbidites, i.e. those whose immune systems are compromised.

According to Dr Gupta, the symptoms are also much worse and painful for them. “Genital rashes often affect those with co-morbidities. Some even develop troctitis, an inflammation of the rectum, which makes it extremely difficult to pass stool.”

Are all people with co-morbidities prone to mpox?

Dr Gupta explained that people suffering from HIV, cancer or undergoing chemotherapy are more prone to mpox as their immune sytem is compromised. “Chemotherapy makes your immune system 60-70% weaker than a normal person’s,” he said.

Not all diabetics are more prone to it though, Dr Gupta said: “Only if you have poor blood glucose control along with a compromised immune system because of an illness are you at a higher risk of mpox.”

The lesions caused by Mpox can become sites of secondary bacterial infections, explained Malhotra, which are harder to heal in diabetic patients due to poor blood circulation and high blood sugar levels. The stress of infection and inflammation can cause blood sugar levels to spike, complicating diabetes management and potentially leading to hyperglycaemia or diabetic ketoacidosis.

What are some preventive measures for high-risk individuals?

For those with diabetes or other co-morbidities, taking extra precautions is crucial, said Malhotra:

Vaccination: If you are in a high-risk group, discuss with your healthcare provider about getting vaccinated against Mpox, especially if you are likely to be exposed to the virus.

Strict Hygiene Practices: Regular handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and following good hygiene practices are essential.

Blood Sugar Monitoring: Diabetics should closely monitor and manage their blood sugar levels during illness to avoid complications.

Early Medical Attention: Seek medical advice at the first sign of symptoms for early intervention, which can mitigate the severity of the disease.