Is it dengue, chikungunya or malaria? How you can identify signs at home

When to get tested: If you experience high fever along with severe pain behind the eyes, joint pain and a rash, it is advisable to get tested for dengue. The test is usually a blood test on the fourth day to detect the presence of the virus or antibodies. Early detection is essential as dengue can progress to severe dengue, leading to complications like plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress and organ failure.

Chikungunya: The Debilitating Joint Pain

Symptoms typically appear four to eight days after a mosquito bite. The disease is characterised by an abrupt onset of fever, often reaching 102°F (39°C) and severe joint pain. The joint pain in chikungunya is more intense and prolonged compared to dengue, often lasting weeks or even months after the fever subsides. This is the most distinguishing symptom of chikungunya and can become chronic. Other symptoms include muscle pain, headache, fatigue, rash and swelling around the joints.

When to get tested: If you experience a sudden high fever with intense joint pain, get tested. Blood tests can detect the virus within the first few days of symptom onset. Early diagnosis is vital for managing symptoms as there is no specific antiviral treatment for chikungunya Management focuses on relieving joint pain.

Malaria: The Cyclic Fever

Malaria symptoms typically appear 10 to 15 days after the mosquito bite. It has a cyclic pattern of fever, which can be classified into three stages: cold stage (shivering), hot stage (fever), and sweating stage (sweating and a return to normal temperature). The fever often recurs every two or three days, depending on the parasite species which causes infection spread. Other symptoms include chills, headaches, muscle pain, fatigue, and in some cases, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Severe cases can lead to complications such as anaemia, seizures, kidney failure, and coma.

When to Get Tested: If you experience cyclic fever patterns with chills and sweating, especially after traveling to or living in an area where malaria is common, it is essential to get tested immediately. Malaria diagnosis is confirmed through a blood test, which can detect the presence of the parasite. Early treatment is critical to prevent severe complications.

If you experience symptoms consistent with any of these diseases, seek medical attention immediately and get the appropriate tests to ensure timely and accurate treatment.