Marking the end of the monsoon season, Sharad Purnima falls on the full moon day of the Hindu lunar month of Ashvin. According to the Hindu mythology, on the festival, also known as Kojagari full moon or Ras Purnima, all the newly married women fast for a day. According to Drik Panchang, the harvest festival falls on October 5 and the tithi timing begins from 01:47pm and ends on October 6 at 00:09am. The time for moon rise on Sharad Purnima is expected to be around 18:02pm.
It is believed that a human being has certain qualities and it is associated with kala (performing art, a talent or skill). The combination of sixteen different kalas creates a perfect human personality that comes out in the form of the moon on Sharad Purnima. According to Hindu culture, only Lord Krishna was born with all sixteen kalas and he is the complete incarnation of Lord Vishnu. It is also said that Lord Rama was born with only twelve kalas.
Not only does the moon shine with all sixteen kalas but its rays also have certain healing properties that nourish the body and soul. It is also believed that the moon rays on the day of Sharad Purnima drip nectar. Traditionally, to take advantage of the divine phenomenon, rice-kheer, a famous Indian sweet dish made of cow milk, rice and sugar, is prepared and left in the moonlight for the whole night. In the morning, the kheer said to embody an essence of nectar in it, is distributed among all family members.
On the day of Sharad Purnima, devotees also read the legendary story or katha of two sisters, who observed fast on every Sharad Purnima. While the younger sister would never do the ritual with total dedication, her elder sister was extremely devoted and religious. According to the story, the younger sister had to face hardship in life whereas her elder sister lived a content and joyful life. This effect is said to be due to the grace of Lord Moon and the power of the Sharad Purnima vrat.
Hence, worshiping the moon on the day of Sharad Purnima is considered very significant. Newlywed women, who take a pledge to do Purnimasi fasting for a year, begin the fast from the day of Sharad Purnima. In Gujarat, it is popularly known as Sharad Poonam.