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Journalism of Courage
The typical listener is probably a male but might be a female, most likely under 30 but might be over, and is almost certainly listening in a house but might be in a car. When it comes to knowing its audience, the US-funded Radio Farda tomorrow in Persian knows only two things for sure: that the audience is surreptitiously listening somewhere inside Iran, and that the Iranian government doesn8217;t want anyone to hear what a US-funded radio service has to air.
How, then, does Radio Farda 8212; which receives about 7 million in federal funding and is hoping for substantially more as the United States expands its push for democracy in Iran 8212; decide what to broadcast?
8220;In Iran, they don8217;t allow you to be happy,8221; says Valinejad, 30, who emigrated from Iran 10 years ago. Radio Farda, she says, is intended to do the opposite. 8220;It puts you in a good mood when you listen to this radio station.8221;
Click. And so it is that in Iran they8217;ll soon be hearing Hung Up by Madonna.
From surveys of Iranian expats to market tests in Dubai, Radio Farda has been a work in progress since its debut in late 2002. The one constant is that unlike Cold War-era transmissions by the Voice of America and Radio Free Europe that relied primarily on news programming, Farda blends news and music as a way to reach a country where two-thirds of the population is said to be under 30.
8220;A little bit of entertainment8221; is how Bert Kleinman, a consultant to Radio Farda, describes the broadcast formula he helped design. 8220;The core of the mission is news and information8221;8212;in a typical hour, 16 .5 minutes of programming is devoted to news8212;but 8220;we were tasked to reach out to the younger generation there. And quite frankly, you just can8217;t do it with news.8221;
So in addition to a 10-member news staff in Washington and a 28-member news staff in Prague, there is Valinejad. As the person in charge of the non-news she also sifts through some 300 phone messages a day from listeners responding to the interactive feature What Do You Think?
8220;We try in the American tradition to have respectful dialogue,8221; Kleinman says of this feature, which airs twice an hour. An acceptable topic, he says, is, 8220;What should be done to improve the relationship between Iran and the United States?8221; An unacceptable topic would be, 8220;Should the mullahs be overthrown?8221;
Station promotions air several times an hour, along with features about health issues acceptable: 8220;why Vitamin E is good for you,8221; says Kleinman; unacceptable: 8220;boil your water so you don8217;t get bubonic plague8221;.
More than anything else, there is music.
8220;Adult contemporary,8221; Kleinman says. Music with 8220;a happy beat to it8221;.
No hip-hop. No alternative. No rap.
8220;Madonna. Michael Jackson. The Gipsy Kings. Bob Marley,8221; Valinejad says, looking over her playlist. 8220;Abba. Enrique Iglesias. Phil Collins. Celine Dion.8221;
There are Persian singers, too, including Googoosh, Dariush, Siavash Ghomayshi, Mansour, Hayedeh and Ebi.
8220;I know every single Persian singer,8221; Valinejad says, largely from watching the satellite feed of several Los Angeles-based TV stations that beam programming into the homes of Iran8217;s elites. The elites get TV and the masses get Farda.
Valinejad sorts the songs into categories such as West Gold Eagles, Elton John, Michael Bolton and Persian Gold 2 Fun, Andy, Sandy, Aref.
She enters the song lists, the chosen answers, the health tips and promos into a computer program, and one click later everything is arranged into minute-by-minute programming for an entire day.
8220;It8217;s easy,8221; she says, but in one way it isn8217;t: In taking the job, she realised she would be giving up any chance of seeing Iran again anytime soon. 8220;Because the organisation is part of the US government and Iranian officials don8217;t like that,8221; she explains. 8220;Maybe I could go back, I8217;m not sure, but the fear is there, always. They can put you in trouble for anything there. Anything.8221;
What makes it worth it, Valinejad says, is the idea of sending music into such a place. One thing she remembers from living in Iran is that love songs weren8217;t allowed, unless they were songs about love of God or Islam. So into Iran goes a Celine Dion ballad and eight or so other songs every hour on a route from Northern Virginia to Munich, then to a transmitting facility in Dubai, and then into a country where the Iranian government tries to jam the signal and there8217;s no way to tell who8217;s listening at any given moment.
One survey 8212; done by calling Iranian phone numbers and asking whoever answered he listens to Radio Farda 8212; put the number of adult listeners per week at 13.6 per cent of the adult population. It is only an estimate, though, because how many Iranians will speak honestly with a stranger who telephones them out of the blue?
Valinejad is sure they are out there in droves, waiting to hear what song America is sending next because if she were in Iran that8217;s what she would be doing. 8220;It gives you energy,8221; she says of the music. 8220;It gives you hope. It gives you something to look forward to.8221;
