`Fifth force’ exists, say Indian astrophysicists

The four forces known to govern the universe are gravitational, electromagnetic, a weak nuclear and a strong nuclear force.

According to mathematical calculations, the astrophysicists predicted that the intensity of repulsion force was 18,6312 times greater than gravitational intensity of stars.

In the solar system, the sun exerts repulsion while planets exert a gravitational force and at a orbital distance both reverse forces counterbalance. This equilibrium maintains the mean constant distance between the sun and the planets.

Refuting the universality of Newton’s law of gravitation of stars, they argued that the satellite-planet mutual gravitational force was counterbalanced by repulsion and said it was this equilibrium that kept the satellites in their orbits.

Presenting the paper `Discovery of stellar repulsion force — the fifth dominating force of the universe: Newton-Einstein gravitational theories are wrong: Star exerts repulsion — not gravitation’, Shaw said the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Paris-based European Space Agency were investigating their theory.

According to the SRF concept, 40 per cent of the energy emitted by stars under thermonuclear chain reaction was in form of high intensity repulsion force and the remaining half in the form of light, heat and other radiations. Therefore, the argument that stars exert force of repulsion and not gravitation. Expanding universe and mass-dispersion in galaxies proved the existence of universal repulsion force. Accordingly, in thesolar system the sun exerts repulsion but planets and satellites exert gravitational force so that they remain at a mean constant distance from each other.

The anti-solar deflection of comets tails and anti-solar ejection of solar winds, anti-solar deflection of magnetosphere, anti-solar deflection of star-ray in Einstein’s effect, higher ocean tides on full moon midnight than on new moon noon (midday), reduction of gravitational force in square-distance ratio, collapse of body beyond `Roche-limit’, anti-solar deflection of cosmic radiation and excess-reduction of gravitational force at the centre of the body were “proofs” of solar repulsion force.

After working for over 18 years on their hypothesis, the astrophysicists suggest that expansion of galaxies, dispersion of mass in crabe-nebulae, dispersion of mass in ring Nebulea in lira, dispersion of mass in spiral galaxies, ejection of particle stream in galaxy M-87, ejection of gases by bright star alongwith X-rays and Gamma rays in black hole and neutron star phenomena, explosion of nova-super nova and explosion in `big bang’ concept were “proofs of SRF”.

They said the interaction between repulsion and gravitation had resulted in a new kind of force, the Retraction Force, which they claimed was “the sixth force”. It was the RTF which kept the planetary bodies, satellites, binary systems, intra-atomic particles in spherical motion, that is during the state of revolution and rotation.

Because of the RTF, they argued the planets did not fall into the sun as there was no mutual gravitation between the sun and planets. The planets were not flung away because there was no mutual repulsion between sun and planets. “This force which dominates the solar system and keeps planetary system in spherical motion is RTF, which is the result of interaction of SRF and planetary gravitation which is a kind of a “third force”. The RTF acted on planets at a ratio inversely proportional to the distance from the sun and the planets revolved with this rate of velocity. As the mass of the sun was 99.85 per cent of the solar system if the sun exerted gravitation, then the entire planetary system would have collapsed into the sun and anihilated, accordingly, they argued the universe would be in state of singular body if Newton’s law of universal gravitation would be a reality.