HMPV cases: Why some people are at higher risk of severe infection, ways to protect them

1. Infants and Young Children
   • Why at risk? Immature immune systems make this group highly vulnerable.
   • Common effects: Symptoms may mimic other respiratory viruses, including fever, cough, and wheezing, often escalating to bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Premature infants face additional risks of hypoxia and dehydration.
2. Elderly Population
   • Why at risk? Age-related immune decline (immunosenescence) weakens their ability to fight infections.
   • Common effects: HMPV exacerbates conditions like COPD or heart failure, potentially leading to severe respiratory distress or failure.
3. Individuals with Co-Morbidities
   • Why at risk? Chronic diseases like asthma, diabetes, and immunocompromised states increase vulnerability.
   • Common effects: Aggravated symptoms of underlying conditions, prolonged hospital stays, and higher risk of secondary infections.
4. Malnourished Individuals
   • Why at risk? Nutritional deficiencies compromise immunity, a prevalent issue in underprivileged sections of India.

Dr Nandy said certain groups, like infants, are more susceptible to severe HMPV infections (Source: Freepik)

Protecting high-risk groups

According to Dr Nandy, a combination of medical and lifestyle interventions is essential:

Medical Measures

1. Vaccination
   • While no vaccine is currently available for HMPV, ongoing research shows promise. Prioritising high-risk groups once vaccines are developed will be critical.
2. Preventive Treatments
   • Monoclonal antibodies can act as a protective measure for immunocompromised individuals.
3. Early Diagnosis
   • Rapid diagnostic tests for HMPV enable timely intervention.
4. Management of Co-Morbidities
   • Optimising care for conditions like diabetes or asthma reduces susceptibility to HMPV complications.

Lifestyle measures

• Hygiene Practices: Regular handwashing, disinfecting surfaces, and avoiding touching the face.
• Mask Usage: Especially in crowded areas during respiratory illness seasons.
• Avoiding Exposure: Limiting contact with infected individuals, particularly for infants and the elderly.

To stem the spread of HMPV, individuals and communities must adopt proactive measures. Ensuring timely care for symptoms, improving awareness, and maintaining hygiene can help mitigate risks, particularly for high-risk groups. With these steps, the burden of HMPV on India’s vulnerable populations can be significantly reduced.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.