What are symptoms of thyroid dysfunction that women should watch out for?

Early recognition of the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction can facilitate prompt medical intervention and effective management of the condition.

Hyperthyroidism or excessive thyroid activity

This results from an overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. You may have an accelerated metabolism and a spectrum of potentially distressing symptoms if not effectively managed.

1. Unexplained Weight Loss: Watch out for rapid loss of kilos despite maintaining a normal or increased appetite.

2. Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat: Palpitations, tachycardia or arrhythmias can serve as alarming indicators.

3. Increased Sweating and Heat Sensitivity: Excessive perspiration and heat intolerance are prevalent symptoms.

4. Nervousness and Anxiety: Unusual anxiety, irritability or nervousness devoid of an apparent trigger may manifest.

5. Tremors: Minor hand and finger tremors may signal an overactive thyroid.

6. Fatigue and Muscle Weakness: Despite heightened activity levels, women may also experience fatigue and muscle weakness, particularly in the muscles.

7. Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or difficulty falling and staying asleep may be symptomatic.

8. Alterations in Menstrual Patterns: Light or infrequent menstrual periods, and in some cases, skipped periods, may occur.

Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid

Hypothyroidism, which is more common among women over 50, is characterised by an underactive thyroid that fails to produce adequate thyroid hormone. This condition decelerates the body’s metabolic processes and gives rise to various symptoms that are frequently misattributed to other health conditions.

Watch out for the following:

1) Unexplained weight gain

2) Fatigue and lethargy

3) Heightened sensitivity to cold temperatures

4) Dry skin and hair, joint and muscle pain, depression and memory issues and menstrual irregularities.

5) Hard stools or constipation

6) Heavy and irregular menstrual periods

7) Thin, brittle hair or fingernails

8) Hoarseness

9) Puffy face, hands, and feet

10) Low body temperature

11) Slow heart rate

Screening and diagnosis

Given the diverse array of symptoms through which thyroid dysfunction may manifest, it is imperative to consult a doctor when some of these indicators show up. Typically, a straightforward blood test measuring levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free T4, and occasionally T3, are enough for diagnosis.

Timely detection and appropriate treatment can substantially enhance the quality of life. So be well-informed and proactive.

Dr. Piyush Lodha is a diabetologist at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune.