Khan was the first Muslim to be Minister of State for the Home (Urban) of Maharashtra since the state came into existence in 1960, in addition to serving as the Minister of Textiles, Aukaf, and Minorities Development (2009-2014) and Guardian Minister of Mumbai Suburban District in the Government of Maharashtra (2009-22014).

He previously served as an MLA in 2014 and 2009 from the Chandivali state constituency of Maharashtra; however, he was defeated by Dilip Lande of Shiv Sena in the 2019 Maharashtra Assembly elections.