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It has been a while since the term NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) was renamed MASLD (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease), but still, not many understand the difference. We bring you an expert guide to help you know the actual causes of the condition.
The new name highlights the connection between fatty liver disease and metabolic problems, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and abnormal cholesterol levels. “Unlike the old name, which focused on the absence of alcohol consumption, MASLD highlights that metabolic dysfunction is the primary cause. This shift removes the stigma implied by the term ‘non-alcoholic,’ which unfairly suggested only alcohol use as a potential factor,” said Dr Sameer Bhati, director, Star Imaging and Path Lab.
He added that it also redirects attention to the metabolic roots of the condition, helping healthcare providers better understand, diagnose, and treat it.
The updated term reflects the strong connection between fatty liver disease and metabolic issues. “Studies show that fat around the belly (abdominal obesity) is a significant risk factor for liver fat buildup, making people 2–3 times more likely to develop fatty liver disease,” explained Dr Bhati.
He further shared that MASLD affects about 25 per cent of people globally, with rates rising to 50–70 per cent in those with type 2 diabetes or obesity. “By focusing on the metabolic causes, this new term helps healthcare professionals shift from managing symptoms to addressing the root issues,” said Dr Bhati.
Advancements in non-invasive tests have made diagnosing MASLD easier and more accurate. These include:
FibroScan: A painless, non-invasive test that measures liver fat and stiffness, replacing the need for a liver biopsy.
MRI scans and ultrasound-based techniques: Reliable methods to assess liver fat and scarring.
Blood tests: Common screening methods include ALT, AST, and GGT, which indicate liver health.
In addition, researchers are exploring new markers like CK-18 fragments and the ELF (Enhanced Liver Fibrosis) score to improve diagnostic accuracy further, noted Dr Bhati.
The change to MASLD has important implications for patient care. Focusing on the underlying metabolic issues encourages early diagnosis and targeted treatments like weight loss, better blood sugar control, and cholesterol management, said Dr Bhati.
“These interventions can help lower the long-term risks of heart disease, liver failure, and cirrhosis. MASLD represents a shift towards a more accurate, compassionate, and patient-focused approach to understanding and treating fatty liver disease as its prevalence continues to rise,” said Dr Bhati.
Certain foods can significantly exacerbate this progression, and among the worst culprits are fast food and junk food, processed foods, and foods with high sugar content, including red and processed meats, said Dr Punit Singla, director and HOD, Institute of Liver Transplant & HPB Surgery, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram.
Limiting or avoiding these foods and opt for a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins is essential.
DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.
