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UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Each day, we will cover one new subject. Attempt today’s subject quiz on Environment, Geography, Science and Technology to check your progress. Come back tomorrow to solve the Economy Quiz.
With reference to the monoclonal antibodies, consider the following statements:
1. These are artificial antibodies that mimic the activity of our immune systems.
2. These are designed to target a virus or a specific part.
3. Monoclonal antibodies are not used for the treatment of COVID-19.
4. These antibodies bind to specific parts of the spike protein, blocking its ability to infect healthy cells.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All four
The path of a celestial object changes due to heat energy being radiated asymmetrically. The phenomenon is known as
(a) Yarkovsky effect
(b) Rashomon effect
(c) Pygmalion effect
(d) Doppler effect
With reference to the green hydrogen, consider the following statements:
1. It is hydrogen gas generated from fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage.
2. Green Hydrogen Mission aims to produce 5 million tonnes of the fuel annually from 2050.
3. Green hydrogen can decarbonise iron and steel sector.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
With reference to the CALIPSO Mission, consider the following statements:
1. It was launched jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
2. The Lidar and radar instruments on the satellite direct beams of energy at Earth and measure how they reflect off the clouds and the aerosols in the atmosphere.
3. The satellite was located in Sun-synchronous orbit.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Consider the following Ramsar sites:
(Ramsar Site) (State/U.T)
1. Pong Dam Lake Jammu and Kashmir
2. Ansupa Lake Sikkim
3. Sasthamkotta Lake Tamil Nadu
4. Nandur Madhameshwar Karnataka
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
FYI:
— Our bodies produce antibodies, which are proteins, to combat a viral infection.
— Monoclonal antibodies are artificial antibodies that mimic the activity of our immune systems. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
— They are produced through a process that involves extracting specific antibodies from human blood and then cloning them.
— These monoclonal antibodies are made to specifically target a virus or a specific part of it. For example, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is the target of the cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies called REGEN-COV2. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
— The monoclonal antibodies bind to specific parts of the spike protein, blocking its ability to infect healthy cells. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
— Besides Covid-19, monoclonal antibodies have been used in the treatment of cancers as well as Ebola and HIV. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
FYI:
— Bennu and other near-Earth asteroids could be dangerous to Earth, so it’s critical to accurately predict their orbits.
— Yarkovsky effect is a phenomenon which changes the path of celestial object due to heat energy being radiated asymmetrically.
— The dayside of an asteroid that is rotating heats up when sunlight strikes it; as the asteroid rotates, the night side cools and releases the heat, creating a tiny thrust that over time can change the asteroid’s direction.
— The features like shape, brightness, and surface features of an asteroid influence the Yarkovsky effect, and understanding how will enable scientists to better predict the orbit of Bennu and other near-Earth asteroids.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
(Other Source: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov)
FYI:
— Hydrogen, the most common element in nature, exists only in combination with other elements, and has to be extracted from naturally occurring compounds like water (which is a combination of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom).
— Hydrogen produced from fossil fuels is called grey hydrogen, which constitutes the bulk of the hydrogen generated today. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
— Hydrogen generated from fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage options is called blue hydrogen.
— Green hydrogen is hydrogen gas produced through electrolysis of water — an energy intensive process for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen— using renewable power to achieve this.
— India has an ambitious Green Hydrogen Mission that aims to produce 5 million tonnes of the fuel annually from 2030. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
— There are particular benefits to green hydrogen:
(i) It is a clean burning molecule that can be used to decarbonize a variety of industries, such as transportation, chemicals, and iron and steel. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
(ii) Hydrogen can be produced by channelling renewable energy that the grid is unable to store or use.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
FYI:
— The CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) mission recorded more than 10 billion LIDAR measurements and helped create thousands of scientific reports over its 17 years of operation.
— It was launched jointly by NASA and France’s CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) along with the cloud-profiling radar system on the CloudSat satellite. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
— The satellite’s Lidar and radar instruments aim energy beams at Earth and track their reflection off clouds and atmospheric aerosols. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
— The two satellites were launched on April 28, 2003, and they circled the planet in a Sun-synchronous orbit from the North to the South poles. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
— They measured the altitude of clouds and layers of airborne particles like dust, sea salt, ash and soot while probing the “vertical structure” of the atmosphere.
— Scientists were able to develop increasingly intricate models to comprehend intricate atmospheric processes such as particle transport, precipitation, cloud formation, and atmospheric convection thanks to the observations from the two satellites.
Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
FYI:
| Ramsar Site | State/U.T |
| Pong Dam Lake | Himachal Pradesh |
| Ansupa Lake | Odisha |
| Sasthamkotta Lake | Kerala |
| Nandur Madhameshwar | Maharashtra |
Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
(Other Source: wiienvis.nic.in)
Daily subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 34)
Daily Subject-wise quiz — History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 34)
Daily subject-wise quiz — Environment, Geography, Science and Technology (Week 33)
Daily subject-wise quiz — Economy (Week 33)
Daily subject-wise quiz – International Relations (Week 33)
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