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Journalism of Courage
In the intricate tapestry of environmental health, the impact of air pollution extends far beyond respiratory distress. A first-of-its-kind study in India has found that breathing in polluted air can raise the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. This data comes after Delhi and other cities in India have been covered with a blanket of smog for several days, with a worsening AQI each passing day.
The seven-year study conducted in Delhi and Chennai revealed a correlation between elevated levels of PM2.5 particles in the air, which are 30 times finer than a strand of hair, and heightened blood sugar levels, contributing to a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes. These ultrafine particles, when inhaled, can permeate the bloodstream, leading to various respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
This study, part of an ongoing investigation into chronic diseases in India since 2010, is the first to specifically explore the connection between exposure to ambient PM2.5 and type 2 diabetes in a country grappling with severe air pollution issues.
Delhi exhibited an average annual PM2.5 level of 82-100μg/m3, while Chennai recorded 30-40μg/m3, significantly surpassing WHO limits of 5μg/m3, and exceeding India’s national air quality standards set at 40μg/m3.
The study was published in BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care journal and has been externally peer-reviewed.
Dr Srinivas Kandula, endocrinologist, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, explained that inhaling the fine particulate matter in the air, which has been flagged in the study, may cause them to enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance.
“Insulin resistance is a condition where the body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. As a result, blood sugar levels can rise,” he added.
Increased blood sugar levels can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. According to Dr Kandula, prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution and the resulting inflammation and insulin resistance can eventually lead to the onset of type 2 diabetes.
“Chronic exposure to pollutants may also contribute to other health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, further increasing the risk of diabetes,” he explained.
Dr Kandula suggested some ways to cope with the potential health disadvantages of air pollution and reduce the risk of elevated blood sugar levels.
a. Reduce exposure: Stay informed about air quality levels in your area. Limit outdoor activities during days of high pollution, especially if you belong to sensitive groups like children, the elderly, or individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
b. Use air purifiers: Consider using air purifiers with HEPA filters to reduce indoor air pollution.
c. Create green spaces: Support initiatives to increase green spaces in urban environments, as plants can help absorb pollutants and improve air quality.
d. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and proper stress management can help mitigate the effects of pollution on your health.
e. Regular health check-ups: Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly, especially if you live in areas with high levels of air pollution. Early detection of any abnormalities can help in timely intervention.
It’s important to note that while these measures can help reduce the impact of air pollution, addressing the root causes of pollution at the societal and policy levels is crucial for long-term improvement in air quality and public health.
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