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As we age, various physiological changes occur in our bodies, and the digestive system is no exception. These changes can significantly impact digestive function, leading to discomfort and a reduction in nutrient absorption.
According to Kanikka Malhotra, Consultant Dietician & Diabetes Educator, understanding these changes is key to managing age-related digestive issues and maintaining optimal gut health.
This is how your increasing age impacts your stomach and its functions, Malhotra explained:
Decline in Gastrointestinal Motility: With age, the muscles in the digestive tract, especially in the intestines, tend to weaken. This leads to slower movement of food through the system, causing constipation or, in some cases, diarrhoea. Reduced muscle tone in the bowel can also contribute to discomfort and sluggish digestion.
Reduced Salivary Secretion: Saliva plays a crucial role in breaking down food and lubricating it for easier swallowing. As people age, their salivary secretion decreases, making it harder to chew and swallow food. This can lead to difficulties in digestion and nutrient absorption.
Changes in Gastric Acid Production: Older adults often experience a decline in stomach acid production, essential for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients like protein, calcium, and vitamin B12. This decline can cause indigestion, bloating, and gas.
Nutrient Malabsorption: With ageing, the surface area of the intestines may decrease, along with the efficiency of nutrient absorption. This can lead to deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin D, calcium, and iron.
Weakened Immune System: A decrease in immune function with age also leaves the digestive system more vulnerable to infections, which can further exacerbate gastrointestinal issues.
Bowel Mobility: The weakening of intestinal muscles can lead to slow bowel movements and constipation. The rhythmic contractions responsible for moving food through the digestive tract become less efficient, further contributing to constipation.
In some cases, weakened pelvic floor muscles can result in fecal incontinence, especially in older women, Malhotra said.
While ageing brings about unavoidable changes in digestion, there are steps you can take to mitigate these effects and maintain good digestive health.
Lifestyle Modifications:
Dietary Adjustments:
DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.