IIT study says groundwater in Himachal Pradesh town contaminated with ‘cancer-causing’ agents; here’s how it affects health

• Geogenic uranium, a naturally occurring radioactive element, is present in the water.
• Industrial activity has significantly increased levels of toxic metals like zinc, lead, cobalt, nickel, and chromium, exceeding safe limits.

Let’s learn about their impact on health.

These contaminants pose a serious threat to public health, according to Dr Manish Singhal, Senior Consultant, Medical Oncology at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, as they can cause cancer after prolonged exposure. India already faces a water quality crisis, especially in the north, where rapid urbanisation and industrial growth have put a strain on groundwater resources.

The case of the BB industrial area exemplifies this problem. Untreated, contaminated groundwater is suspected to be a major factor behind the high rates of cancer and kidney diseases reported in the region between 2013 and 2018,  ANI reported.

The research team, led by Dr Deepak Swami (IIT Mandi) and Dr Nitin Joshi (IIT Jammu), is calling for urgent action. Their study highlights the need for stricter regulations and improved water treatment infrastructure to safeguard public health and prevent further environmental damage.

Contaminated groundwater can cause a variety of health problems beyond cancer (file)

Beyond Cancer: A spectrum of health issues

Dr Singhal noted that not all groundwater causes cancer, but when polluted with certain chemicals and heavy metals, it becomes a threat to health.

Contaminated groundwater can cause a variety of health problems beyond cancer, depending on the specific pollutants present. Here’s a breakdown of some potential consequences:

• Heavy Metals: Arsenic, lead, and mercury can damage the nervous system, kidneys, and liver.
• Nitrate: High nitrate levels can cause methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome) in infants, disrupting oxygen flow in the blood.
• Bacteria and Parasites: Contaminated water can harbor harmful bacteria and parasites, leading to gastrointestinal illnesses like diarrhea, dysentery, and cholera.
• Fluoride: While essential in small amounts, excessive fluoride can cause dental fluorosis and skeletal problems.

Until proper remediation and treatment measures are in place, Dr Singhal strongly advises against drinking untreated groundwater from affected zones. “Residents should seek alternative, verified safe water sources for consumption. This situation underscores the critical need for regular monitoring of industrial effluents and enforcement of stringent water quality standards to safeguard public health.”