Doctor explains why you sometimes experience a sudden, stabbing headache while travelling in an airplane

But what causes airplane headaches, and why do they tend to occur specifically during takeoff or landing?

Dr Palleti Siva Karthik Reddy, MBBS, MD, General Medicine, Consultant Physician, tells indianexpress.com, “Airplane headaches are a recognised phenomenon, usually triggered by the rapid changes in cabin pressure that happen during takeoff and landing. These pressure shifts can cause a difference between the pressure inside the sinuses and the pressure in the cabin. When the body cannot equalize this pressure quickly enough, it can lead to intense, stabbing pain in the forehead or around the eyes.”

This type of headache is often short-lived and resolves soon after the aircraft levels off or lands. It is more commonly reported in individuals who are sensitive to changes in barometric pressure or who have underlying sinus issues. The confined space, dry cabin air, and low humidity can also contribute to discomfort, making certain people more prone to experiencing this type of pain.

How can someone differentiate an airplane headache from a migraine or sinus-related pain?

Airplane headaches have a particular pattern, explains Dr Reddy, adding, “They typically come on suddenly during takeoff or descent and are usually felt on one side of the head, especially around the eyes or forehead. The pain is often described as sharp or stabbing and tends to last for a short period, usually less than 30 minutes.”

In contrast, migraines are typically longer-lasting and often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, visual disturbances, or sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine pain can be more throbbing in nature and may not be directly linked to changes in altitude or pressure.

Sinus-related headaches often feel like a dull pressure or fullness in the face and may worsen with bending forward. These are usually accompanied by other symptoms, such as nasal congestion or a runny nose. “The key difference with airplane headaches is the sudden onset during specific phases of flight and the quick resolution once the pressure stabilises,” notes Dr Reddy. 

Strategies or medications to prevent airplane headaches, especially for frequent flyers

For those prone to airplane headaches, Dr Reddy says, some preventive steps can be quite helpful. Taking a decongestant or using a saline nasal spray before boarding can help keep the sinus passages open and reduce pressure build-up. Staying well-hydrated is also important, as dry cabin air can exacerbate sinus sensitivity.

The expert mentions, “Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen taken before the flight may reduce the risk or severity of symptoms. For frequent flyers who experience severe or recurring airplane headaches, a consultation with a doctor is advisable. In some cases, preventive medications or further evaluation for sinus-related issues might be recommended.”

Wearing pressure-equalising earplugs during takeoff and landing can also help some individuals by allowing a more gradual adjustment to pressure changes. “While airplane headaches can be alarming, they are generally not dangerous and can often be managed effectively with simple preventive measures,” stresses Dr Reddy. 

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.

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