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Journalism of Courage
Volcanoes show us that the Earth is full of life and energy. Some stay silent for hundreds of years, but others are always active, releasing ash, lava, and gases that change the land, influence the climate, and help special ecosystems thrive. From the Pacific Ring of Fire to Iceland’s steady lava flows, these volcanoes amaze and humble us. Here are five of the world’s most active volcanoes that keep reshaping our planet and remind us how powerful nature can be.
Mount Etna stands on Sicily’s east coast and is Europe’s tallest and most active volcano, rising to about 3,329 meters. It has erupted for more than 500,000 years and is almost always active. Sometimes, Etna’s eruptions are slow lava flows, while other times they are strong blasts that light up the night sky. Even though it can be unpredictable, the rich soil around Etna helps vineyards and farms grow. This mix of danger and new life shapes the area. In 2013, UNESCO named it a World Heritage Site for its special geology.
Kīlauea is part of the Hawaiian Islands’ chain of volcanoes and is one of the world’s most active and closely studied volcanoes. It is inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and erupted almost nonstop from 1983 to 2018, when a big eruption changed local neighborhoods and created new land along the coast. After that, it kept erupting from the Halemaʻumaʻu crater. For Hawaiians, Kīlauea is not just a natural wonder; it is sacred and believed to be the home of Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes.
Mount Merapi stands near Yogyakarta on Java Island. Its name means “Mountain of Fire,” and it is the most active volcano in Indonesia. It erupts every few years, sending fast-moving clouds of hot ash and glowing lava domes. While Merapi’s eruptions can be dangerous, they also make the soil richer and help local farms. In 2010, one of its biggest eruptions in recent years forced many people to leave their homes and covered villages in ash. Today, people live with Merapi’s unpredictability, watching it carefully with respect and caution.
Mount Erebus is a rare wonder in Antarctica. It is the southernmost active volcano on Earth and stands 3,794 meters tall on Ross Island. The volcano has a lava lake that has bubbled for decades, even when temperatures fall below –50°C. Discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross, Erebus is still an important place for scientific research. It shows that fire and ice can exist together in one of the world’s toughest places.
Mount Stromboli, known as the “Lighthouse of the Mediterranean,” has erupted nonstop for more than 2,000 years, making it one of the longest-lasting volcanic activities ever recorded. It is located on the Aeolian Islands north of Sicily. The volcano often has small, regular explosions called Strombolian eruptions, which send glowing lava into the night sky. Because these eruptions are predictable, people can safely watch them up close. Tourists and scientists come to the island to see this impressive show of light and lava.
