H&M: A Global Fashion Retail Giant Founded in 1947 by Erling Persson in Sweden, H&M initially focused solely on women's apparel. Expansion began with a Norwegian store in 1964, followed by the acquisition of Mauritz Widforss, leading to the inclusion of menswear and the adoption of the Hennes & Mauritz name. The company went public in 1974 and rapidly expanded across Europe, launching its online platform in 1998. The brand's international reach significantly broadened with its 2000 US debut in New York City. In 2008, H&M expanded its offerings to include home furnishings, later establishing dedicated H&M Home stores. Further diversification involved launching concept stores like COS, Weekday, Monki, and Cheap Monday, particularly within Asian markets. By 2011, H&M operated over 2,300 stores globally, surpassing 3,000 by 2013. Despite its success, H&M faced challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the closure of approximately 250 stores globally in 2021, shifting operations online. The company also ceased operations in Russia in 2022 in response to the Ukraine conflict, impacting a significant market. Currently, H&M sources products from diverse global locations, primarily China, Bangladesh, and India, while maintaining 21 supplier and factory locations in Sweden. H&M's recent announcement signals an entry into the Brazilian market in 2025, demonstrating continued international growth ambitions. Collaborations such as the "H&M with Friends" initiative, featuring Good American, and the launch of Arket in 2017 showcase strategic partnerships for expansion and brand diversification.