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UPSC Mains is approaching. One of the most popular questions in the aspirants’ minds for the mains preparation is: How to write essays for UPSC Civil Services Exams? We have an answer for you in the form of our new series.
In UPSC Essentials’ special series UPSC Essays Simplified, we take you through various steps of writing a good essay. While there is no set formula or fixed criteria prescribed, Manas Srivastava talks to Ravi Kapoor, our expert, in this new series who guides the aspirants with a simplified framework on how to write a good essay. Don’t miss ‘The Essay Exercise’ towards the end of the article.
About our Expert: Ravi Kapoor (Ex-IRS) offers free quality mentorship to UPSC aspirants, drawing upon his ten years of experience to create customised and productive curriculum. Through a free mentorship programme, he integrates tailored educational materials, psychological principles, visual learning techniques, and a strong emphasis on mental well-being into his teaching skills granting aspirants a chance to learn from his expertise.
Ravi Kapoor focuses on the following steps of pre-writing and writing stages which will help aspirants to write a ‘good essay’ in UPSC Mains.
| Pre-writing stage for UPSC Essays (Steps 1-3) | Step 1: Understanding and Deconstructing the topic (Previous article: Click here) |
| Step 2: Ideation and Brainstorming (Previous article: Click here) | |
| Step 3: Structure and Flow (Previous article: Click here) | |
| Writing stage for UPSC Essays (Steps 4-8) | Step 4: How to write an introduction? (Previous article: Click here) |
| Step 5: What goes in the body? (Previous article: Click here) | |
| Step 6: How to conclude (Previous article: Click here) | |
| Step 7: Essay Extras (Previous article: Click here) | |
| Step 8: Types of content (Today’s article) |
From this Sunday, we will devote one article to each of the dimensions discussed last week as a part of step 8 and go into the details of the themes, so that you never run out of content while writing an essay on any topic. Let’s begin with Spiritual Essays.
The idea is to familiarize and appreciate the main themes that fall under the ambit of ‘spirituality’ even though the subject matter is too expansive for one article.
The themes discussed herein not only offer rich content for discussion but also provide a framework to analyse various philosophical questions about life, existence, and human values.
By exploring these aspects, aspirants can develop nuanced and well-rounded perspectives, essential for addressing complex philosophical issues in their essays.
Spirituality is a way of looking through life from a detached and objective point of view. To be spiritually inclined is to be connected to a higher, deeper sense of self.
While there are many approaches to spirituality with their beliefs and practices, some common motifs which appear are:
— Ego lessness and a sense of freedom
— Oneness with the world and a dissolution of separateness
— Heightened self-awareness about one’s own emotions and mental states
— Meditation and mindfulness practices like Vipassana, Zen, etc.
— Compassion for all beings
— Love for nature and a concern for environmental conservation
To think from the spiritual perspective in the UPSC essay, consider if any of the above are relevant to the essay topic.
For instance, the essay topic ‘Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication’ can directly be linked to the spiritual dimension.
All the above points can be used in the body of the essay to argue for simplicity or in the conclusion by emphasizing that simplicity is a sign of internal satisfaction and essentially, of spiritual maturity. This is the ultimate sophistication.
Spirituality is a profound and multifaceted concept that encompasses a range of beliefs and practices aimed at exploring the essence of human existence and the universe. Unlike religion, which often adheres to specific doctrines and rituals, spirituality is more personal and experiential, focusing on individual growth and inner peace. Here are six points to consider.
1. Personal Growth and Self-Discovery: In Indian spirituality, practices like yoga and meditation are central to personal growth. The practice of Vipassana meditation aims at self-discovery through deep introspection. In Western spirituality, Carl Jung’s theory of individuation emphasizes understanding the self through integrating various aspects of the psyche.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJLhPd8bUaQ?si=uv6432BtqPV10jXs
2. Connection with the Divine: In Indian spirituality, the Bhakti movement emphasizes devotion and personal connection with deities like Krishna and Shiva. Western spirituality often involves a connection with a higher power through Christian prayer or mystical experiences described by saints like Saint Teresa of Avila, who spoke of an intimate relationship with God.
3. Ethical and Moral Values: The Indian spiritual tradition of Ahimsa (non-violence), taught by Mahatma Gandhi, underscores ethical living. In the West, the Golden Rule (“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”), central to Christian ethics, promotes compassion and moral integrity.
4. Inner Peace and Mental Well-being: Indian spirituality offers practices like Ayurveda and Yoga to enhance mental and physical well-being. The Western tradition includes practices like Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn, which has roots in Buddhist meditation and aims to reduce stress and improve mental health.
5. Sense of Community and Belonging: In India, the Ashram system fosters community living and spiritual growth. The Western tradition includes Quaker meetings, where silent worship and communal support are central, fostering a strong sense of community and shared spiritual experience.
6. Transcendence and Enlightenment: The Indian concept of Moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth, is a key spiritual goal, achieved through knowledge and self-realization as taught in the Upanishads. In Western spirituality, the idea of enlightenment can be compared with the teachings of Sufism, where transcendence is achieved through mystical practices and union with the divine.
Let me share a note on compassion, empathy and altruism.
Compassion involves feeling for a person who is suffering and being motivated to act to help them. Within Buddhism, compassion is seen not only as an emotional response but concerned with the selfless intention of freeing others from suffering.
Altruism is an action that benefits someone else. It may or may not be accompanied by empathy or compassion, for example in the case of donating to a trust with a motive to reduce tax burden.
Although these terms are related to compassion, they are not identical.
Compassion often involves an empathic response and altruistic behaviour. However, compassion is defined as the emotional response when perceiving suffering and involves an authentic desire to help. Connecting with others in a meaningful way helps us enjoy better mental and physical health and speeds up recovery from disease. It may even lengthen our life spans.
Compassion is often confused with empathy. Empathy is defined as the emotional experience of another person’s feelings. It is, in a sense, an automatic mirroring of another’s emotion, like tears coming to one’s eyes at the grief of a dear friend.
Practicing compassion increases our well-being by enhancing a sense of connection to others. Compassion may also help broaden our perspective beyond ourselves and may serve as a buffer against stress.
Compassion at times is contagious. Even seeing someone helping another person creates a state of elevation. It releases the hormone Oxytocin and makes us feel good. That elevation then inspires us to help others and it may just be the force behind a chain reaction of giving.
Compassion can be taught. Several studies have shown that a variety of meditation practices derived from traditional Buddhist practices may help cultivate compassion.
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ESSAY TOPIC (Solved) Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. |
ESSAY TOPIC (Assignment) Story continues below this ad Mindfulness manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self. |
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| Identify the core themes (Refer Deconstruction Article 1 of this series –CLICK HERE) | Wantlessness, Materialism | |
| Which ideas from from the spiritual dimensions can be used? | Buddhism, ego, self and no-self, Maya, Enlightenment, happiness | |
| Write an introduction using the techniques discussed in introduction article of this series – Click here | What is the best way to live life? To desire or not to desire-that is the question. This debate highlights our unending struggle between the desire which compels us forward and the inevitable misery it brings when we follow its lead. The Buddha said that desire is the root of all suffering, and he was presumably correct. As a matter of experience- there is no lasting peace to be found in modern life which is rife with desire and consumable pleasures. The solution? To quell desire and to root it out. To be happy, become wantless.
But is this antidote a cure? Does not the meditating monk want enlightenment? How else would years of practice and training be justified? We are a species driven to explore the cosmos and to look beyond the Big Bang- the very moment of creation. We are driven to become millionaires, powerful bureaucrats and to have it all in our fleeting and short lives. More importantly, is it even possible given the evolutionary heritage of humans as the most curious and insatiable of creatures? This is not to suggest that desire should be allowed to hold our reigns unfettered. For it will surely drive us into hedonism and self-destruction. Research shows that happiness is not derived from material possessions as much as it is from healthy social relationships. Cars and clothes do not translate to happiness as an appreciative compliment from a friend does. And therefore, materialism turns out to be as empty and vacuous as its twin- wantlessness . Does desire equal suffering? It brings with it the aches and pains of growth. In as much as we are purpose-driven, we are driven by desire. In as much as we stop pushing towards a purpose, we cease to exist. To give up desire is to give up purpose and that might not be cost worth paying. |
Note:
1. Remember that a topic doesn’t need to be restricted to one dimension.
2. It is likely that you will be using the spiritual dimension to add content and value to your essay.
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